3: Name that Cycle

Question 1

Endometrial cycle that involves changes in the endometrium, myometrium, and ovaries.

Answer 1

Proliferative phase

Question 2

Characterized by the development of ovarian follicles.

Answer 2

Follicular phase

Question 3

The endometrium is relatively thin and the endometrial glands are straight, narrow, and short. As the phase progresses, the glands become long and tortuous. The endometrium becomes thicker as a result of the glandular hyperplasia and growth of the stroma. The endometrium proliferates from 4 to 12 mm in height and increases eightfold in thickness in preparation for implantation of the fertilized ovum

Answer 3

Proliferative phase

Question 4

Vaginal cells appear flatter than the corresponding cells in the later phases.

Answer 4

Early follicular phase

Question 5

Endometrial cycle that begins with the initiation of menses.

Answer 5

Menstrual phase

Question 6

During early phase exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells have vesicular nuclei and are basophilic.

Answer 6

Early follicular phase

Question 7

Endometrial phase does not take place if ovulation has not occurred. It tends to be the most constant phase, in terms of time.

Answer 7

Secretory phase

Question 8

Starts approximately 10-12 hours after the LH peak.

Answer 8

Ovulatory phase

Question 9

Endometrial cycle that usually lasts from day 15 (the day after ovulation—the exact cycle day will vary with cycle length) to day 28

Answer 9

Secretory phase

Question 10

Endometrial phase during which in the absence of implantation, the corpus luteum shrinks, and progesterone and estrogen levels subsequently decrease. The endometrium begins to regress toward the end of the secretory phase. By days 25 to 26, progesterone and estrogen withdrawal results in increased tortuous coiling and constriction of the spiral arterioles in the thinning layer.

Answer 10

Secretory phase

Question 11

Under the influence of LH, the follicle’s granulosa cells that are left in the ruptured follicle become enlarged, undergo luteinization, and form the corpus luteum.

Answer 11

Luteal phase

Question 12

Phase in which the mature ovum is released from the follicle.

Answer 12

Ovulatory phase

Question 13

Endometrial cycle that lasts 4 to 6 days.

Answer 13

Menstrual phase

Question 14

Endometrial phase in which the glands of the endometrium become more tortuous and dilated and fill with secretions, primarily as a result of increased progesterone production. The endometrium becomes thick, cushiony, and nutritive in preparation for implantation of the fertilized ovum.

Answer 14

Secretory phase

Question 15

Lasts 14 days.

Answer 15

Luteal phase

Question 16

Blood levels of estrogen reach 200 picograms/mL at the end of this phase.

Answer 16

Follicular phase

Question 17

Cervic mucus becomes clear, copious and elastic late during this phase.

Answer 17

Follicular phase

Question 18

In the absence of a fertilized ovum, luteal cells degenerate, causing a decline in estrogen and progesterone levels, and the corpus luteum regresses to become the corpus albicans.

Answer 18

Luteal phase

Question 19

Endometrial cycle that begins at ovulation.

Answer 19

Secretory phase

Question 20

Influenced by estrogen and entails the regrowth of endometrium after the menstrual bleed. It starts on about the fourth or fifth day of the cycle and usually lasts approximately 10 days, ending with the release of the ovum.

Answer 20

Proliferative phase

Question 21

Usually lasts from day 1 to day 14 of cycle. Can vary and last anywhere from 14-21 days.

Answer 21

Follicular phase

Question 22

Although the exact mechanism underlying this process is unknown, the activated proteolytic enzymes and prostaglandins digest collagen in the follicular wall, leading to an explosive release of the ovum (oocyte), along with the zona pellucida and corona radiate surrounding it.

Answer 22

Ovulatory phase