3. methods of enquiry Flashcards
What are the methods of psychological enquiry?
Different methods to study behaviour, psychological processes, and events.
What does Mr. Bhagat notice about his students?
He notices that students are excessively dependent on their smartphones.
Why is Mr. Bhagat curious about the impact of gadgets on students?
To explore the impact of gadget dependence on the physical and mental health of his students.
What is the focus of the present chapter on Methods of Psychological Enquiry?
To understand the process of research in psychology.
What is Psychology as described in the chapter?
A scientific discipline that seeks to understand the complexities of the human mind and behaviour.
What are the applications of Psychology?
Different fields of Psychology and their practical applications.
What is scientific psychological research?
Research that involves a systematic approach to studying psychological phenomena.
Why is scientific research critical?
It helps in understanding and operating in a complex world.
What is an example of a strongly held belief without scientific evidence?
The belief that Earth was the center of the universe and the sun revolves around it.
What is the purpose of systematic scientific research?
To challenge preconceived notions and achieve an objective understanding of the world.
What is the goal of all scientists?
To gain a better understanding of the world around them.
What do psychologists focus their attention on understanding?
Understanding behavior, cognitive (mental), and physiological (body) processes.
Why is Psychology considered a science?
Because it adopts a systematic and objective approach.
What are the scientific values embraced by psychologists?
Curiosity, skepticism, objectivity, empiricism.
What is empirical knowledge in Psychology?
Knowledge based on objective, tangible evidence that can be observed repeatedly.
What is the first goal of psychological research?
To describe behavior in detail.
What is the second goal of psychological research?
To explain why something happens.
What is the third goal of psychological research?
To predict future occurrences.
What is the fourth goal of psychological research?
To control behavior in a systematic manner.
What is the fifth goal of psychological research?
To improve a person’s life in a positive manner.
What are the two types of psychological research based on goals?
Fundamental research and applied research.
What is fundamental research?
Research aimed at discovering, describing, and understanding fundamental aspects of behavior.
What is applied research?
Research dealing with specific, practical problems and finding solutions.
How are fundamental and applied research related?
Fundamental research provides a base for applied research, and applied research helps expand theoretical understanding.
What are the two types of settings for psychological research?
Laboratory and field settings.
What is laboratory research?
Research conducted in a controlled environment.
What is field research?
Research conducted in real-life situations.
What are quantitative and qualitative research?
Quantitative research involves numerical data; qualitative research involves descriptive data.
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
Quantitative research uses numerical analysis, while qualitative research involves non-numerical data.
What is a research design?
The specific method used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
What are the three major types of research designs?
Descriptive, correlational, and experimental research designs.
What is descriptive research?
Research designed to provide a picture of the current state of affairs.
What is correlational research?
Research designed to discover relationships among variables.
What is experimental research?
Research involving manipulation of variables to establish cause and effect.
What is an independent variable in experimental research?
The variable manipulated by the experimenter.
What is a dependent variable in experimental research?
The variable measured to see the effect of the independent variable.
What are extraneous variables?
Variables that are not the independent variable but could affect the results.
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that affects the dependent variable apart from the independent variable.
What is the first step in conducting an experiment?
Forming a hypothesis.
What is the purpose of identifying independent and dependent variables?
To understand the cause-and-effect relationship.
What is the importance of controlling extraneous variables?
To ensure the relationship studied is not influenced by other factors.
What is the purpose of sampling participants in an experiment?
To have a representative group of participants.
What is random sampling?
A method where all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected.
What is a control group in an experiment?
The group not exposed to the independent variable.
What is an experimental group in an experiment?
The group exposed to the independent variable.
What is the purpose of comparing retention of information between control and experimental groups?
To determine the effect of the independent variable.
What is the importance of verifying the hypothesis?
To confirm or refute the hypothesis based on the experiment’s results.
What are the characteristics of laboratory experiments?
Manipulating the independent variable, controlling extraneous variables, and measuring the dependent variable.
What is a quasi-experiment?
An experiment where independent variable manipulation and random assignment are not entirely possible.
What is the role of an independent variable in an experiment?
It is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
What is the role of a dependent variable in an experiment?
It is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.
