1. understanding psychology new Flashcards
What is the job of the nervous system in the human body?
To control the functioning of the human body.
What does the nervous system control in addition to the human body?
Our sense organs and abilities to attend, perceive, think, learn, memorize, recall, feel, and behave.
What perspective of Psychology considers it as a discipline that can help in observing, describing, controlling, predicting, and improving human behavior and emotions?
The scientific view.
Give an example of a psychological principle in everyday life.
Providing care to an ailing family member, showing compassion and love.
What term is used to describe the ability to delay needs or tasks that give pleasure?
Self-control.
What does the study of Psychology include?
Knowing about experiences, behavior, and mental processes.
What are some of the mental processes included in Psychology?
Thinking, reasoning, concentration, and attention.
Is Psychology considered a Natural Science, a Social Science, or both?
Both.
Why is Psychology considered a Natural Science?
Because it uses scientific methods and is based on empirical, verifiable data.
Why is Psychology considered a Social Science?
Because it studies human beings in social and cultural contexts.
What was the early school of thought that focused on the structure of mind and consciousness?
Structuralism.
Who established the first psychological laboratory and where?
William Wundt in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
What did the Functionalism school of thought focus on?
On how behavior functions and what the mind does.
Which psychologists are associated with Functionalism?
William James, John Dewey, and James Angell.
What does the Gestalt perspective emphasize?
That perception is organized into wholes.
Who were the founders of the Gestalt school of Psychology?
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.
What does the Behavioristic perspective focus on?
Observable behavior that can be observed and measured scientifically.
Who was the first behaviorist?
John B. Watson.
What is the main theme of the Psychodynamic perspective?
Unconscious motivation.
Who founded Psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
What does the Humanistic perspective emphasize?
The person’s sense of self and striving towards self-actualization.
Who are the main psychologists associated with the Humanistic perspective?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
What does the Cognitive perspective view the human mind as?
An information processing system.
What was the significance of the establishment of the first psychological laboratory in India?
It marked the beginning of Psychology as a discipline in India.
Who was Narendra Nath Sen Gupta?
A Harvard-educated Indian psychologist and philosopher, founder of the Indian Psychological Association.
What is the ‘Journal of Indian Psychology’?
A journal published from Andhra University.
What is introspection?
A method used by structuralists to understand conscious processes by describing one’s conscious experiences.
What does the Humanistic perspective focus on regarding an individual’s self?
Enhancing the understanding of self and reducing the discrepancy between real self and ideal self.
What is the relationship between Psychology and Sociology?
Both study how social, cultural, and environmental factors influence a person.
How does Economics relate to Psychology?
Economics studies human behavior related to wants, consumer behavior, and decision-making, which are influenced by psychological factors.
What aspect of Political Science can Psychology help understand?
Leadership behavior, exercise of powers, voting behavior, and political conflicts.
How is Philosophy related to the development of Psychology?
Psychology was born of Philosophy, with early psychologists using experimental and observational methods to study human nature.
How does Medicine relate to Psychology?
Both use scientific methods to understand human body, mind, and behavior, and work together in treatment and diagnosis.
What is the role of Psychology in Law and Criminology?
Understanding human behavior in legal contexts, developing understanding of principles like eyewitness memory and jury bias.
How does Computer Science relate to Psychology?
Development in computer science aids in understanding cognitive processes, and psychological research methods are used in developing AI and software.
How do Engineering and Architecture relate to Psychology?
Understanding human cognition and emotions helps in designing user-friendly products and spaces.
How do Music and Performing Arts relate to Psychology?
They help in understanding and improving behavior and performance, with therapeutic benefits in areas like mental health.
What is Behavioral Economics?
An emerging subject that studies economic decision-making behavior using psychological principles.
What is the significance of cultural diversity in Psychology?
It is recognized and included in understanding human behavior, with a focus on sociocultural influences.
What method do psychologists use to gather scientific knowledge?
Conducting experiments, making systematic observations, and measuring events.
What is a hypothesis in psychological research?
A tentative statement to be proved through research.
How does Psychology as a Science differ from other sciences?
It deals with abstract attributes and requires specific rules and controls for unbiased results.
What are some of the disciplines Psychology shares knowledge with?
Sociology, Biology, Medicine, Philosophy, Economics, Political Science, Law, Computer Science, and more.
How does the Gestalt perspective differ from the structuralist view?
Gestalt focuses on perception as organized wholes, while structuralism focuses on the structure of mind.
What did early Indian Psychologists focus on?
Indian theories of cognition and perception.
How does the Behavioral perspective study learning?
Through conditioning and reinforcement, as studied by Skinner and Pavlov.
What did Freud contribute to Psychology?
Concepts of unconscious motivation, hypnosis, and dream interpretation.
What is self-actualization?
The realization of one’s potential and striving towards becoming the best version of oneself.
How does the Cognitive perspective explain human information processing?
It views the mind as processing, transforming, storing, and retrieving information like a computer.
