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12th Standard Psychology > 1. understanding psychology new > Flashcards

1. understanding psychology new Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the job of the nervous system in the human body?

A

To control the functioning of the human body.

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2
Q

What does the nervous system control in addition to the human body?

A

Our sense organs and abilities to attend, perceive, think, learn, memorize, recall, feel, and behave.

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3
Q

What perspective of Psychology considers it as a discipline that can help in observing, describing, controlling, predicting, and improving human behavior and emotions?

A

The scientific view.

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4
Q

Give an example of a psychological principle in everyday life.

A

Providing care to an ailing family member, showing compassion and love.

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5
Q

What term is used to describe the ability to delay needs or tasks that give pleasure?

A

Self-control.

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6
Q

What does the study of Psychology include?

A

Knowing about experiences, behavior, and mental processes.

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7
Q

What are some of the mental processes included in Psychology?

A

Thinking, reasoning, concentration, and attention.

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8
Q

Is Psychology considered a Natural Science, a Social Science, or both?

A

Both.

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9
Q

Why is Psychology considered a Natural Science?

A

Because it uses scientific methods and is based on empirical, verifiable data.

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10
Q

Why is Psychology considered a Social Science?

A

Because it studies human beings in social and cultural contexts.

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11
Q

What was the early school of thought that focused on the structure of mind and consciousness?

A

Structuralism.

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12
Q

Who established the first psychological laboratory and where?

A

William Wundt in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.

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13
Q

What did the Functionalism school of thought focus on?

A

On how behavior functions and what the mind does.

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14
Q

Which psychologists are associated with Functionalism?

A

William James, John Dewey, and James Angell.

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15
Q

What does the Gestalt perspective emphasize?

A

That perception is organized into wholes.

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16
Q

Who were the founders of the Gestalt school of Psychology?

A

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.

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17
Q

What does the Behavioristic perspective focus on?

A

Observable behavior that can be observed and measured scientifically.

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18
Q

Who was the first behaviorist?

A

John B. Watson.

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19
Q

What is the main theme of the Psychodynamic perspective?

A

Unconscious motivation.

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20
Q

Who founded Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud.

21
Q

What does the Humanistic perspective emphasize?

A

The person’s sense of self and striving towards self-actualization.

22
Q

Who are the main psychologists associated with the Humanistic perspective?

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

23
Q

What does the Cognitive perspective view the human mind as?

A

An information processing system.

24
Q

What was the significance of the establishment of the first psychological laboratory in India?

A

It marked the beginning of Psychology as a discipline in India.

25
Q

Who was Narendra Nath Sen Gupta?

A

A Harvard-educated Indian psychologist and philosopher, founder of the Indian Psychological Association.

26
Q

What is the ‘Journal of Indian Psychology’?

A

A journal published from Andhra University.

27
Q

What is introspection?

A

A method used by structuralists to understand conscious processes by describing one’s conscious experiences.

28
Q

What does the Humanistic perspective focus on regarding an individual’s self?

A

Enhancing the understanding of self and reducing the discrepancy between real self and ideal self.

29
Q

What is the relationship between Psychology and Sociology?

A

Both study how social, cultural, and environmental factors influence a person.

30
Q

How does Economics relate to Psychology?

A

Economics studies human behavior related to wants, consumer behavior, and decision-making, which are influenced by psychological factors.

31
Q

What aspect of Political Science can Psychology help understand?

A

Leadership behavior, exercise of powers, voting behavior, and political conflicts.

32
Q

How is Philosophy related to the development of Psychology?

A

Psychology was born of Philosophy, with early psychologists using experimental and observational methods to study human nature.

33
Q

How does Medicine relate to Psychology?

A

Both use scientific methods to understand human body, mind, and behavior, and work together in treatment and diagnosis.

34
Q

What is the role of Psychology in Law and Criminology?

A

Understanding human behavior in legal contexts, developing understanding of principles like eyewitness memory and jury bias.

35
Q

How does Computer Science relate to Psychology?

A

Development in computer science aids in understanding cognitive processes, and psychological research methods are used in developing AI and software.

36
Q

How do Engineering and Architecture relate to Psychology?

A

Understanding human cognition and emotions helps in designing user-friendly products and spaces.

37
Q

How do Music and Performing Arts relate to Psychology?

A

They help in understanding and improving behavior and performance, with therapeutic benefits in areas like mental health.

38
Q

What is Behavioral Economics?

A

An emerging subject that studies economic decision-making behavior using psychological principles.

39
Q

What is the significance of cultural diversity in Psychology?

A

It is recognized and included in understanding human behavior, with a focus on sociocultural influences.

40
Q

What method do psychologists use to gather scientific knowledge?

A

Conducting experiments, making systematic observations, and measuring events.

41
Q

What is a hypothesis in psychological research?

A

A tentative statement to be proved through research.

42
Q

How does Psychology as a Science differ from other sciences?

A

It deals with abstract attributes and requires specific rules and controls for unbiased results.

43
Q

What are some of the disciplines Psychology shares knowledge with?

A

Sociology, Biology, Medicine, Philosophy, Economics, Political Science, Law, Computer Science, and more.

44
Q

How does the Gestalt perspective differ from the structuralist view?

A

Gestalt focuses on perception as organized wholes, while structuralism focuses on the structure of mind.

45
Q

What did early Indian Psychologists focus on?

A

Indian theories of cognition and perception.

46
Q

How does the Behavioral perspective study learning?

A

Through conditioning and reinforcement, as studied by Skinner and Pavlov.

47
Q

What did Freud contribute to Psychology?

A

Concepts of unconscious motivation, hypnosis, and dream interpretation.

48
Q

What is self-actualization?

A

The realization of one’s potential and striving towards becoming the best version of oneself.

49
Q

How does the Cognitive perspective explain human information processing?

A

It views the mind as processing, transforming, storing, and retrieving information like a computer.

12th Standard Psychology (11 decks)

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