1. Understanding psychology

Question 1

human beings are _______ organisms

Answer 1

biological

Question 2

what is the job of the nervous system?
what is it made of?
what parts does it control?

Answer 2

the nervous system controls the functioning of the human body
it is built of nerve cells that transmit information to and from different parts of our body.
it controls our sense organs and also our ability to attend, perceive, think, learn, memorize, recall, feel, and behave in the context of our environment.

Question 3

What is the scientific view on psychology?

Answer 3

the scientific view considers that psychological research wiill help us observe, describe, control, predict, and improve human behavior.

Question 4

what is psychology?

Answer 4

psychology is a scientific study of experiences, behaviors, and mental processes like knowing, thinking, reasoning, understanding etc

Question 5

Why is the study of psychology important?

Answer 5

the study of psychology is important because it helps us improve the lives of people. It enables us to develop an insight into their thoughts and actions.

Question 6

human beings are endowed with the ability to _______

Answer 6

think

Question 7

what is culture?

Answer 7

Culture is a manmade part of the environment. It influences humans over generations. parenting and socialization practices influence the child rearing practices, behaviors, interpersonal relations, attitudes and most of our attributes.

Question 8

why is psychology recognized as a social science?

Answer 8

Psychology tries to navigate the pertinence of socio-cultural (values) environment in understanding human experiences, emotions, and actions.

Question 9

why is psychology considered a natural science?

Answer 9

experiments in psychology are based on a hypothesis, the data collected from an experiment is then open to objective verification, replication, and analysis. this format is also used in scientific enquiries.

Question 10

what is the structuralism perspective of psychology?

Answer 10

structuralism studies the structure of the mind and consciousness through introspection. The subject describes their conscious experiences to a psychologist. wilhelm wundt established the first psychological laboratory in liepzig. he was a structuralist

Question 11

what is funcunalism?

Answer 11

psychologists william james, john dewey, and james angell proposed that the study of psychology should focus on how behavior functions and what the mind does instead of its structure and components.

Question 12

explain the gestalt perspective.

Answer 12

The gestalt perspective as founded by Max wertheirmer, kurt koffka, and wolfgang kohler. it emphasizes that perception is organized into wholes, it is more meaning full than the sum of its parts.

Question 13

-What is the behavioristic perspective?

Answer 13

John B Watson the 1st behaviorist proposed that the study f psychology should focus onn behavior that can be observed and measured.

Question 14

describe the psychoanalytic perspective.

Answer 14

the psychoanalytic perspective was founded by sigmund frued. He proposed the concept of unconscious motivation, e.i needs and desires that the person is not aware of.

Question 15

explain the humanistic perspective.

Answer 15

humanistic perspective emphasizes on the persons sense of self. a person needs to enhancethe understanding of self to achieve their ideal self. it was founded by carl rogers and abraham maslow

Question 16

what is the cognitive perspective.

Answer 16

this perspective views human mind as an information processing system, where the information that e receive from the environment is processed, transformed, stored and retrieved like in a computer

Question 17

summarize the growth of psychology in india.

Answer 17

it began in the early 20th century, most early indian psychologists were philosophers. in 1916 the 1st laboratory was established in calcutta. narendra nath sen gupta was the founder of the indian psychological association, and founding editor of the 1st official psychology journal.

Question 18

how is psychology related to sociology?

Answer 18

sociology is a study of how social , cultural, and environmental factors influence a person. factors related to group norms, leadership, attitudes, collective behavior, sociocultural factors etc are interrelated. they help in developing and understanding of sociology and social psychology.

Question 19

what is the role of psychology in economics?

Answer 19

psychology can help an economist understand human want, consumer behavior, savings, allocating funds etc. the choices one makes helps economist predict consumer sentiments and economic growth. behavioral economics is an emerging subject that deals with this.

Question 20

what is the role of psychology in medicine?

Answer 20

psychology and medicine both use the scientific method to understand human beings. The mind and the body are inseparable for diagnosis, treatment, and healthy healing

Question 20

how are psychology and political science related?

Answer 20

psychology helps in understanding leader ship behavior, exercise of power, viting behavior, politcal conflicts, human rights etc.the practices followed by different types of government can also be understood from a psychological perspective.

Question 20

why is psychology important in philosophy?

Answer 20

psychology was born of philosophy, and the major concern of philosophy was to know the nature of the human mind and understand why do humans behave in a particular manner.

Question 21

what are the other fields of studies in which psychology helps in further development?
list them and describe them in short

Answer 21

law and criminology: helps in understanding criminal behavior as well as social and cognitive principles such as eyewitness memory, jury bias, punishment etc
computer science: computer engineers rely on psychological research in developing programs that mimic the human mind.
Engineering and architect: understanding human cognition helps these professionals make their products more user friendly. it enhances the technological effectiveness of the design and its practical utility.
fine arts, performing arts: most artforms help a person in expressing their emotions through something that words, only cannot quantify. it enables a person to develop a sense of self.

Question 22

What is clinical psychology?

Answer 22

Clinical psychology deals with causes, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders, with the help of standardized tests as an aid to diagnose these disorders. The aim of Psychotherapy is to alleviate client’s distress.

Question 23

describe counselling psychology.

Answer 23

counselling deals with day to day problems like choosing a career, marriage, raising a family, performing at work etc.

Question 24

what is educational psychology?

Answer 24

This field aims to study all aspects of the educational process. they apply principles of learning, perception, and motivation to deal more effectively with the learning situation

Question 25

explain developmental psychology

Answer 25

developmental psychology aims to study how people grow and change from the moment they are born till the moment they die. They are concerned with the physical, motor, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social and linguistic changes that occur throughout a persons lifespan.

Question 26

describe the other applications of psychology in short.

Answer 26

social psychology: studies all aspects of social behavior and social thought.
organisational psychology: concerns the psychologyof the workplace, all aspects such as leadership, communication, supervision, productivity etc.
community psychology: helps in helps in alleviating problems in the community such as unemployment, discrimination, public health and mental health.
environmental psychology: concerns the relationship with people and their environment, how land, climate, nutrition, population etc affect a persons behavior.

Question 27

T.E What is the nature of psychology as a discipline.

Answer 27

psychology is a scientific study of experiences, behaviors, and mental processes like knowing, thinking, reasoning, understanding etc
the study of psychology is important because it helps us improve the lives of people. It enables us to develop an insight into their thoughts and actions.

Question 28

T.E Is psychology a natural science or a social science, state reasons for your answer.

Answer 28

Psychology can be considered a social science because it tries to navigate the pertinence of a socio-cultural environment in understanding human experiences, emotions, and actions. Psychology can also be considered a natural science because experiments in psychology are based on a hypothesis, the data collected from an experiment is then open to objective verification, replication, and analysis. this format is also used in scientific enquiries. Thus psychology is in parts a social and a natural science.

Question 29

T.E How is the behavioral perspective different from the structuralist and functionalist perspectives?

Answer 29

The structuralist perspective focused solely on the structure of the mind in trying to understand consciousness, while the functionalist perspective focused solely o the functions of the mind rather than the structure. the behavioristic perspective suggests that neither the structure nor the functions of the mind alone, quantifies the wide scope of psychology. it proposes that researchers should instead focus on behavior that is observable and can be measured in a scientific manner.

Question 30

T.E “in india attempts are being made to integrate ancient indian psychology with modern western psychology”. Explain this statement with reference to development of psychology in india

Answer 30

in the early 20th century, due to the impact of the british rule, western influence dominated india. the first psychological laboratory was established in calcutta in the year 1916. Narendra Nath sen Gupta was a harvard educated indian psychologist and philosopher. He founded the indian psychological association, and the first official psychological journal of india. in 1934, Jadunath Sinha wrote a book on indian theories of perception and cognition . various other universities joined in trying to make ancient indian philosophy a part of modern psychology.

Question 31

T.E explain the evolution of psychology from the late 19th century to the modern day

Answer 31

psychology as a discipline began whhen in 1879, wilhelm wundt established the first psychological laboratory in leipzig, germany. he proposed the structuralism approach. later, william james proposed the functionalism approach as a counter to the structuralist approach. In the early 20th century, john watson, proposed the behaviorist approach that changed the psychological field significantly. various other approaches were founded, the psychoanalytic approach by sigmund frued, humanistc approach by carl rogers, and the cognitive approach

Question 32

T.E How does music, fine arts, dance, and other performing arts influence our behavior and cognition?

Answer 32

Studies show that rhythms in music and ragas have a calming effect on human beings. fine arts such as drawing and painting help a person vent out their negative emotions. the person is able to identify their potential and live a more fulfilling life. it enables a person to develop an understanding of oneself

Question 33

T.E “the subject matter of psychology is based on other disciplines and vice versa.” with reference to this statement explain, psychology and engineering, and psychology and computer science

Answer 33

Engineers are meant to design and develop products for use by human beings. understanding human cognition makes them make the products more user friendly. the connect between engineers and human behaviors enhances the technological effectivness and its practical utility.
Development in the field of computer science has aided in enhancing the knowledge psychology and its applications. similarly, the study of psychology has been imperative in developing computer software. Softwares like HCIE and AI rely on psychological research to develop programs that mimic the human mind.

Question 34

T.E Enumerate the relevance of psychology in various other subjects you study.

Answer 34

sociology: its a study of how social cultural and environmental factors influence a person. factors like group norms, leadership, attitudes, collective behavior, etc are interrelated.
Economics: psychology helps understand human wants, consumer behavior, savings, spending habits etc.

Question 35

Explain the role that psychologists play in hospitals and organisations.

Answer 35

in hospitals clinical psychologists help patients understand and treat thier mental disorders. in organisations, psychologists use various intelligence and apptitue tests for hiring and placement programs. most companies have an HR department for employees counselling and therapy. aspects of work settings like leadership, communication, motivational and emotional concerns ets are assisted by organisational psychologists in the workplace.

Question 36

T.E What is the area of work of educational and work psychologists

Answer 36

Educational psychology studies all aspects of the educational process. they apply the principles of learning, perception and motivation to make the curriculum more efficient. school psychologists work with educators and parents to devise ways to improve cognitive emotional and social development of students. they are devoted to counseling students who have acedemic, emotional or behavioral problems