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12th Standard Psychology > 10. emotion > Flashcards

10. emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the word ‘emotion’?

A

The term ‘emotion’ is derived from the Latin word ‘emovere’ which means to stir up, agitate, excite or move.

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2
Q

What are the three basic components of emotion?

A

Physiological, Cognitive, Behavioral

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3
Q

Describe the physiological component of emotion.

A

It involves physiological activation in the brain, nervous system, and hormones, such as increased heartbeat, palpitation, and sweating.

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4
Q

Describe the cognitive component of emotion.

A

It involves thought, belief, and expectations with which we evaluate and interpret a situation.

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5
Q

Describe the behavioral component of emotion.

A

It includes expressions through facial expressions, posture, gestures, and vocal responses.

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6
Q

What does the James-Lange theory of emotion suggest?

A

Emotional experience arises from our perception of physiological changes.

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7
Q

What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion state?

A

Physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and are independent of each other.

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8
Q

What does the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion propose?

A

Emotions are composed of physiological and cognitive factors.

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9
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotions?

A

It regulates involuntary body functions like heartbeat, breathing, and digestion during emotional responses.

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10
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.

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11
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

It regulates the fight-or-flight response, preparing the body for emergency actions.

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12
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

It helps the body to relax and conserve energy, maintaining normal body functions.

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13
Q

What are adrenal glands and what do they secrete?

A

Located on the kidneys, they secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline.

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14
Q

What is the function of adrenaline in emotional response?

A

It increases heartbeat, blood pressure, and mobilizes blood sugar into the blood.

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15
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in emotion?

A

It regulates physiological expressions of emotions such as fear, anger, and pleasure.

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16
Q

What are the types of communication used to express emotions?

A

Verbal and non-verbal communication.

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17
Q

What is verbal communication in the context of emotion?

A

It includes spoken words and features of speech like tone, pitch, and loudness.

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18
Q

What is non-verbal communication in the context of emotion?

A

It includes facial expressions, gestures, posture, and other body language.

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19
Q

What did Charles Darwin state about emotional expression?

A

He stated that emotional expression is both innate and universal across cultures.

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20
Q

What are the six basic emotions identified by Paul Ekman?

A

Happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust, and anger.

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21
Q

How does culture influence emotional expression?

A

Different cultures have varied norms about expressing emotions, such as silence representing deep emotion in India.

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22
Q

What is sadness?

A

A negative emotion characterized by disappointment and grief.

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23
Q

What is anxiety?

A

A feeling characterized by tension, intrusive thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure.

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24
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A

It describes the relationship between arousal and performance, showing that moderate arousal improves performance up to a point.

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25
Q

What is anger?

A

A powerful emotion characterized by hostility, agitation, and frustration.

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26
Q

What is jealousy?

A

An emotion involving fear of losing something valuable to someone else.

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27
Q

What is happiness?

A

A positive emotional state characterized by satisfaction and a positive outlook.

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28
Q

How can anger be constructive?

A

It can clarify needs in relationships and motivate finding solutions to problems.

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29
Q

What are some ways emotions are expressed non-verbally?

A

Through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body language.

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30
Q

What is the ‘I’ message technique?

A

A method for expressing positive and negative emotions assertively and respectfully.

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31
Q

What is the role of adrenaline in the fight-or-flight response?

A

It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate and energy levels.

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32
Q

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together?

A

The sympathetic system prepares the body for action, while the parasympathetic system calms the body down.

33
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating emotions?

A

It sends impulses to muscles and glands and works with the autonomic nervous system.

34
Q

How does anxiety affect performance according to the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A

Moderate anxiety improves performance, but too much anxiety impairs it.

35
Q

What is the relationship between emotions and facial expressions?

A

Facial expressions can convey complex emotions and are a key part of non-verbal communication.

36
Q

How can culture affect the interpretation of non-verbal cues?

A

Different cultures may interpret gestures, expressions, and silence in varying ways.

37
Q

What are some physiological signs of anxiety?

A

Increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness.

38
Q

How do we use verbal communication to express emotions?

A

Through spoken words, tone, and speech features.

39
Q

What is a common physiological response to anger?

A

Increased heart rate and muscle tension.

40
Q

How can non-verbal communication complement verbal messages?

A

It can emphasize, repeat, or clarify spoken words.

41
Q

What is the significance of the adrenal glands in emotional reactions?

A

They release hormones that prepare the body for emergency situations.

42
Q

What does the term ‘emovere’ mean?

A

To stir up, agitate, excite, or move.

43
Q

How do cognitive components affect emotions?

A

They involve thoughts and interpretations that shape how we feel.

44
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in stress?

A

It activates the body’s fight-or-flight response.

45
Q

How can happiness impact behavior?

A

It can lead to positive actions like kindness and increased creativity.

46
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in relaxation?

A

It helps the body return to a calm state and conserve energy.

47
Q

What are some common facial expressions associated with happiness?

A

Smiling and laughing.

48
Q

What is the physiological basis for the fight-or-flight response?

A

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of adrenaline.

49
Q

How does the hypothalamus influence emotional responses?

A

It regulates physiological aspects of emotions and can trigger hormone release.

50
Q

What is the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?

A

Verbal uses spoken words, non-verbal includes gestures, expressions, and body language.

51
Q

What is the role of adrenaline during emotional arousal?

A

It increases energy levels and prepares the body for action.

52
Q

How do emotions influence our interactions with others?

A

They affect how we communicate and respond to social situations.

53
Q

What is the significance of non-verbal cues in communication?

A

They provide additional context and meaning to verbal messages.

54
Q

How can anxiety be both helpful and harmful?

A

It can motivate action but also impair performance if excessive.

55
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic system after a threat has passed?

A

It helps the body return to a resting state.

56
Q

How can cultural differences impact emotional expression?

A

They influence what emotions are expressed and how they are interpreted.

57
Q

What are some ways to manage intense emotions?

A

Using techniques like the ‘I’ message to communicate feelings respectfully.

58
Q

How does the autonomic nervous system regulate emotional responses?

A

It controls involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion.

59
Q

What is the role of the adrenal glands in stress response?

A

They release hormones that prepare the body for fight-or-flight reactions.

60
Q

What is the significance of facial expressions in emotional communication?

A

They can convey emotions and intentions without words.

61
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for action?

A

By increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.

62
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the emotional response?

A

It regulates physiological expressions of emotions like fear and pleasure.

63
Q

What are the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

64
Q

How do physiological changes accompany emotional experiences?

A

Changes like increased heart rate and sweating occur with emotions.

65
Q

What is the importance of managing emotions?

A

Proper management helps in maintaining mental health and social relationships.

66
Q

How can anger be expressed constructively?

A

Through assertive communication and finding solutions to problems.

67
Q

What is the impact of culture on emotional expression?

A

Culture shapes how emotions are expressed and perceived.

68
Q

What are some physical symptoms of anxiety?

A

Tension, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing.

69
Q

What are some ways to express emotions verbally?

A

Using words, tone, and speech features.

70
Q

How does happiness affect cognitive abilities?

A

It can enhance creativity and problem-solving skills.

71
Q

What is the significance of the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A

It shows the relationship between arousal and performance.

72
Q

How can emotions be communicated non-verbally?

A

Through facial expressions, gestures, and body language.

73
Q

What are the physiological responses associated with fear?

A

Increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness.

74
Q

How does culture influence emotional interpretation?

A

It determines the norms and meanings assigned to emotional expressions.

75
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

It regulates involuntary bodily functions during emotional states.

76
Q

How do emotions influence behavior?

A

They can motivate actions and reactions to situations.

77
Q

What is the role of adrenaline in emergency situations?

A

It prepares the body for quick action by increasing energy levels.

78
Q

How can positive emotions like happiness be beneficial?

A

They promote well-being and positive social interactions.

79
Q

What are some common non-verbal cues in communication?

A

Gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact.

12th Standard Psychology (11 decks)

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