10. emotion Flashcards
What is the origin of the word ‘emotion’?
The term ‘emotion’ is derived from the Latin word ‘emovere’ which means to stir up, agitate, excite or move.
What are the three basic components of emotion?
Physiological, Cognitive, Behavioral
Describe the physiological component of emotion.
It involves physiological activation in the brain, nervous system, and hormones, such as increased heartbeat, palpitation, and sweating.
Describe the cognitive component of emotion.
It involves thought, belief, and expectations with which we evaluate and interpret a situation.
Describe the behavioral component of emotion.
It includes expressions through facial expressions, posture, gestures, and vocal responses.
What does the James-Lange theory of emotion suggest?
Emotional experience arises from our perception of physiological changes.
What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion state?
Physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and are independent of each other.
What does the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion propose?
Emotions are composed of physiological and cognitive factors.
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotions?
It regulates involuntary body functions like heartbeat, breathing, and digestion during emotional responses.
What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
It regulates the fight-or-flight response, preparing the body for emergency actions.
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
It helps the body to relax and conserve energy, maintaining normal body functions.
What are adrenal glands and what do they secrete?
Located on the kidneys, they secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline.
What is the function of adrenaline in emotional response?
It increases heartbeat, blood pressure, and mobilizes blood sugar into the blood.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in emotion?
It regulates physiological expressions of emotions such as fear, anger, and pleasure.
What are the types of communication used to express emotions?
Verbal and non-verbal communication.
What is verbal communication in the context of emotion?
It includes spoken words and features of speech like tone, pitch, and loudness.
What is non-verbal communication in the context of emotion?
It includes facial expressions, gestures, posture, and other body language.
What did Charles Darwin state about emotional expression?
He stated that emotional expression is both innate and universal across cultures.
What are the six basic emotions identified by Paul Ekman?
Happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust, and anger.
How does culture influence emotional expression?
Different cultures have varied norms about expressing emotions, such as silence representing deep emotion in India.
What is sadness?
A negative emotion characterized by disappointment and grief.
What is anxiety?
A feeling characterized by tension, intrusive thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?
It describes the relationship between arousal and performance, showing that moderate arousal improves performance up to a point.
What is anger?
A powerful emotion characterized by hostility, agitation, and frustration.
What is jealousy?
An emotion involving fear of losing something valuable to someone else.
What is happiness?
A positive emotional state characterized by satisfaction and a positive outlook.
How can anger be constructive?
It can clarify needs in relationships and motivate finding solutions to problems.
What are some ways emotions are expressed non-verbally?
Through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body language.
What is the ‘I’ message technique?
A method for expressing positive and negative emotions assertively and respectfully.
What is the role of adrenaline in the fight-or-flight response?
It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate and energy levels.
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together?
The sympathetic system prepares the body for action, while the parasympathetic system calms the body down.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating emotions?
It sends impulses to muscles and glands and works with the autonomic nervous system.
How does anxiety affect performance according to the Yerkes-Dodson law?
Moderate anxiety improves performance, but too much anxiety impairs it.
What is the relationship between emotions and facial expressions?
Facial expressions can convey complex emotions and are a key part of non-verbal communication.
How can culture affect the interpretation of non-verbal cues?
Different cultures may interpret gestures, expressions, and silence in varying ways.
What are some physiological signs of anxiety?
Increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness.
How do we use verbal communication to express emotions?
Through spoken words, tone, and speech features.
What is a common physiological response to anger?
Increased heart rate and muscle tension.
How can non-verbal communication complement verbal messages?
It can emphasize, repeat, or clarify spoken words.
What is the significance of the adrenal glands in emotional reactions?
They release hormones that prepare the body for emergency situations.
What does the term ‘emovere’ mean?
To stir up, agitate, excite, or move.
How do cognitive components affect emotions?
They involve thoughts and interpretations that shape how we feel.
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in stress?
It activates the body’s fight-or-flight response.
How can happiness impact behavior?
It can lead to positive actions like kindness and increased creativity.
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in relaxation?
It helps the body return to a calm state and conserve energy.
What are some common facial expressions associated with happiness?
Smiling and laughing.
What is the physiological basis for the fight-or-flight response?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of adrenaline.
How does the hypothalamus influence emotional responses?
It regulates physiological aspects of emotions and can trigger hormone release.
What is the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?
Verbal uses spoken words, non-verbal includes gestures, expressions, and body language.
What is the role of adrenaline during emotional arousal?
It increases energy levels and prepares the body for action.
How do emotions influence our interactions with others?
They affect how we communicate and respond to social situations.
What is the significance of non-verbal cues in communication?
They provide additional context and meaning to verbal messages.
How can anxiety be both helpful and harmful?
It can motivate action but also impair performance if excessive.
What is the function of the parasympathetic system after a threat has passed?
It helps the body return to a resting state.
How can cultural differences impact emotional expression?
They influence what emotions are expressed and how they are interpreted.
What are some ways to manage intense emotions?
Using techniques like the ‘I’ message to communicate feelings respectfully.
How does the autonomic nervous system regulate emotional responses?
It controls involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion.
What is the role of the adrenal glands in stress response?
They release hormones that prepare the body for fight-or-flight reactions.
What is the significance of facial expressions in emotional communication?
They can convey emotions and intentions without words.
How does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for action?
By increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the emotional response?
It regulates physiological expressions of emotions like fear and pleasure.
What are the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
How do physiological changes accompany emotional experiences?
Changes like increased heart rate and sweating occur with emotions.
What is the importance of managing emotions?
Proper management helps in maintaining mental health and social relationships.
How can anger be expressed constructively?
Through assertive communication and finding solutions to problems.
What is the impact of culture on emotional expression?
Culture shapes how emotions are expressed and perceived.
What are some physical symptoms of anxiety?
Tension, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing.
What are some ways to express emotions verbally?
Using words, tone, and speech features.
How does happiness affect cognitive abilities?
It can enhance creativity and problem-solving skills.
What is the significance of the Yerkes-Dodson law?
It shows the relationship between arousal and performance.
How can emotions be communicated non-verbally?
Through facial expressions, gestures, and body language.
What are the physiological responses associated with fear?
Increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness.
How does culture influence emotional interpretation?
It determines the norms and meanings assigned to emotional expressions.
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
It regulates involuntary bodily functions during emotional states.
How do emotions influence behavior?
They can motivate actions and reactions to situations.
What is the role of adrenaline in emergency situations?
It prepares the body for quick action by increasing energy levels.
How can positive emotions like happiness be beneficial?
They promote well-being and positive social interactions.
What are some common non-verbal cues in communication?
Gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact.
