3 Lecture 3

Question 1

where do homologous chromosomes come from

Answer 1

one from mom and one from dad

Question 2

how many alleles can a gene have

Answer 2

hundreds, or even more 
e.g. 
gene A = earwax 
A = wet earwax 
a = dry earwax

Question 3

which chromosome is the largest

Answer 3

chromosome 1 is the largest chromosome

Question 4

which chromosome is the smallest

Answer 4

chromosome 21 is the smallest autosome

Question 5

what chromosome has the fewest genes gene density

Answer 5

the Y chromosome

Question 6

is gene number always correlated with chromosome size

Answer 6

gene number is not always correlated with chromosome size

Question 7

where do gametes come from

Answer 7

meiosis separates homologs into cells

now each cell has different alleles for the same gene

Question 8

what is the process of gametes

Answer 8

meiosis

Question 9

what are the two rounds of cell division needed

Answer 9

meiosis II

and meiosis II

Question 10

when does meiosis commence

Answer 10

after interphase

Question 11

how is meiosis different from mitosis

Answer 11

Meiosis has two rounds of genetic separation and cellular division while mitosis only has one of each. In meiosis homologous chromosomes separate leading to daughter cells that are not genetically identical. In mitosis the daughter cells are identical to the parent as well as to each other

Question 12

what are the phase of meiosis I

Answer 12

prophase I
Metaphase
anaphase

Question 13

what is prophase

Answer 13

nuclear envelope starts to break down

microtubules start to assemble. DNA condenses into chromosomes

Question 14

what is metaphase

Answer 14

homologous chromosomes align at middle of cell

Question 15

what is anaphase

Answer 15

homologous chromosomes are separated by shortening of microtubules

Question 16

crossing over in prophase I produces what

Answer 16

different gametes

Question 17

what happens if crossing over does not occur in prophase I

Answer 17

2 types of gametes are produced

Question 18

what happens if crossing over does occur in prophase I

Answer 18

4 types of gametes are produced

Question 19

what else produces different gametes

Answer 19

random alignment in metaphase I

Question 20

what are the phases in meiosis II

Answer 20

prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Question 21

what happens in prophase II

Answer 21

microtubules lengthen

Question 22

what happens in Metaphase II

Answer 22

chromosomes align at middle of cell

Question 23

what happens in Anaphase II

Answer 23

sister chromatids are separated by shortening of microtubules

Question 24

what happens in Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Answer 24

4 haploid daughter cells result. Nuclear envelopes re-form

Question 25

how does the inheritance of traits work

Answer 25

one gene = one trait = mendalian inheritance

Question 26

how many alleles are on each chromosome

Answer 26

1

Question 27

where do alleles come from

Answer 27

come from mutations

Question 28

are alleles inherited

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what is sed to predict the likelihood of getting having dominant/recessive alleles

Answer 29

punnet square

Question 30

what is the tool used to track family history

Answer 30

pedigree analysis