3. Kidney Obstruction

Question 1

3 characteristics of hydronephrosis?

Answer 1

dilation of renal pelvis/calyces
atrophy of kidney
obstruction to urine flow

Question 2

most common cause of calcium oxalate and phosphate calculi?

Answer 2

idiopathic hypercalciuria

Question 3

hypocitraturia can cause what type of calculi?

Answer 3

calcium oxalate stones

Question 4

stones shaped like envelope?

Answer 4

calcium oxalate

Question 5

calculi shaped like staghorn?

Answer 5

MAP

Question 6

calculi crystal shaped like coffin lid?

Answer 6

MAP

Question 7

calculi with diamond/lemon shape?

Answer 7

uric acid

Question 8

calculi crystals shape like hexagon?

Answer 8

cystine

Question 9

calculi assoc w hyperuricemia/goat?

Answer 9

uric acid crystals

Question 10

calculi associated w alkaline urine?

Answer 10

MAP

Question 11

calculi associated w bacteria? 2 bacts?

Answer 11

MAP
proteus
staphylococci

Question 12

2 stones forming at acidic pH?

Answer 12

Cystine

Uric acid

Question 13

2 things associated w renal papillary adenoma?

Answer 13

hemodilaysis

acquired cystic disease

Question 14

3 microscopic findings in angiomyolipoma?

Answer 14

thick blood vessels
SM
fat

Question 15

how many masses are typically in angiomyolipoma?

Answer 15

1 mass normally

Question 16

wt does multiple angiomyolipomas suggest?
2 mutations? chromosome?

3 characteristics?

Answer 16

tuberous sclerosis
TSC1 - 9
TSC2 - 16

tumors in CNS
skin abnormalities
benign tumors of heart

Question 17

wt benign tumor often coexists with RCC that appears mahogany brown?

2 characteristic?

Answer 17

Oncocytoma

central scar
eosinophilia

Question 18

where do renal cell carcinomas arise?

Answer 18

renal tubular epithelium

Question 19

cause of most RCCs?

Answer 19

sporadic

Question 20

3 classic features of RCC?

Answer 20

costovertebral pain
palpable mass
hematuria

Question 21

most common type of RCC?
gene mutated?
chromosome?

Answer 21

Clear cell type

VHL on chromosome 3

Question 22

tumors caused by Von-hippel-lindau disease?

Answer 22

HARP
Hemangioblastoma
Angiomatosis
RCC
Pheochromocytoma

Question 23

1 place RCC metastasizes to? #2?

Answer 23

Lung 1

Bones 2

Question 24

wt indicates stage T1?
T2?
T3?
T4?

Answer 24

T1 <7cm
T2 >7cm limited to kidney
T3 tumor extends to major veins, adrenal gland, or perinephric tissue but not beyond gerotas fascia
T4 tumor invades beyond gerotas fascia

Question 25

tupe of RCC with psammoma bodies and foam cells?

Answer 25

papillary carcominoma (chromophil/granular)

Question 26

3 features of chromophobe carcinoma?

Answer 26

prominent cell membrane
eosinophillic
halo around nucleus

Question 27

renal tumor with hobnail cell and desmoplastic stroma?

Answer 27

collecting duct carcinoma

Question 28

pts seen in xp11 translocation carcinoma?

Answer 28

younger patients

Question 29

tx for renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 29

nephrectomy

Question 30

2 things seen in beckwith-wiedmann syndrome?

Answer 30

organomegaly

wilms tumor

Question 31

triphasic histology of wilms tumor?

Answer 31

blastemal cells
stromal cells
epithelial cells

Question 32

3 sympstoms of urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 32

hematuria
hydronephrosis
flank pain

Question 33

bacteria associated w MAP stones?

Answer 33

proteus

Question 34

wt size indicates a benign renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 34

< 5mm

Question 35

wt renal tumor is associated with tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 35

angiomyolipoma

Question 36

tumor arising from renal pelvis?

Answer 36

urothelial carcinoma

Question 37

wt is WAGR syndrome?

Answer 37

Wilms tumor
Aaniridia
Genital anomalies
Retardation

Question 38

chromosome causing wilms tumor?

Answer 38

11

Question 39

wt is urolithiasis?

Answer 39

renal calculi