3 - Inflammation & Healing

Question 1

Body 3 lines of defence

Answer 1

1. non-specific mechanical barrier
   -skin, mucous membrane
   -tears,saliva
2. non-specific inflammation & phagocytosis
   -neutrophils,macrophages
3. specific immune system

Question 2

Normal capillary exchange

Answer 2

Open only when needed, precapillary sphincters restrict flow.

Question 3

Inflammation is the body’s response to

Answer 3

tissue injury & NON SPECIFIC RESPONSE

Question 4

• Itis

Answer 4

Add “itis” to a word and it means
INFLAMMATION of that part

Question 5

Acute inflammation

Answer 5

Early (almost immediate) response to
injury

Question 6

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 6

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 7

2 stages of acute inflammation

Answer 7

1. vascular response
2. cellular stage

Question 8

The mast cell

Answer 8

Most important activator of the inflammatory response - found in tissues, stimulated by injury

Question 9

Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins

Answer 9

Dilation and increased permeability of capillaries
attracts specific leukocytes (i.e neutrophils) to the site
of inflammation.

Question 10

Neutrophils

Answer 10

Phagocytosis of microorganisms

Question 11

Basophils

Answer 11

Release histamine leading to inflammation

Question 12

Eosinophils

Answer 12

Numbers are increased in allergic responses

Question 13

3 Types of Leukocytes

Answer 13

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Question 14

Types of Lymphocytes

Answer 14

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

Question 15

T lymphocytes

Answer 15

Active in cell mediated immune response

Question 16

B lymphocytes

Answer 16

produce antibodies

Question 17

Monocytes

Answer 17

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Macrophages

Answer 18

Active in phagocytosis, mature monocytes that have left the blood

Question 19

Chronic inflammation

Answer 19

lasts weeks, months, or years. Due to an unsuccessful acute response or persistent infection, antigen, or foreign body

Question 20

What happens in nonspecific chronic inflammation?

Answer 20

Macrophages engulf bacteria etc. resulting into pus. Fibroblasts produce scar tissue

Question 21

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 21

If the body can not get rid of the problem easily ie. splinters, silica, asbestos, talc etc body will wall off the problem.

Question 22

Local effects of inflammation (7)
-exudates

Answer 22

Serous exudate, hemorrhagic exudate, fibrinous exudate, membranous exudate, purulent/suppurative exudate, abscess formation, ulcer

Question 23

Systemic effects of inflammation

Answer 23

malaise, fatigue, headache, anorexia, fever “pyrexia”, ↑ WBC’s, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenitis

Question 24

Drugs for treatment of inflammation

Answer 24

ASA, acetaminophen, NSAIDS, prednisone (steroid glucocorticoid)

Question 25

Characteristics of chronic inflammation

Answer 25

• less swelling
• infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts

Question 26

Leukocytosis

Answer 26

• ↑ in # of WBC’s especially neutrophils
• results due to infection

Question 27

Leukopenia

Answer 27

• ↓ in # of WBC’s
• results due to infection overwhelming system

Question 28

Lymphadenitis

Answer 28

Swollen, painful nodes
* reaction of lymph nodes to acute or chronic inflammation
* non painful nodes typically are characteristic
of neoplasms