15 - Adolescence, Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Adolescence age

Answer 1

10-12 to 18

Question 2

Puberty

Answer 2

onset of reproductive changes, triggered by hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 3

Kyphosis

Answer 3

increased convexity of thoracic spine

Question 4

Lordosis

Answer 4

increased concavity of lumbar curvature

Question 5

Scoliosis

Answer 5

abnormal deviation from right to left of vertebral column - affects locomotion and ventilation

Question 6

Rotoscoliosis

Answer 6

vertebral bodies start to twist and rotate upon themselves

Question 7

Structural scoliosis is due to

Answer 7

spinal deformity, wedge or fused vertebra, fused ribs

Question 8

Functional scoliosis is due to

Answer 8

secondary to another problem like unequal leg length or spinal muscle support

Question 9

Effects of scoliosis

Answer 9

• loss of shoulder hip alignment
• rotation of vertebrae
• ribs in abnormal positions
• ventilation problems if severe

Question 10

Scoliosis Treatment

Answer 10

exercise, bracing, surgery

Question 11

Osteomyelitis

Answer 11

infection of the bone

Question 12

Osteomyelitis causes

Answer 12

• complication of trauma
• skin boil, sinusitis (hole)
  sickle cell anemia predisposes

Question 13

Sequestrum

Answer 13

dead bone

Question 14

Involucrum

Answer 14

new bone growth stimulated on perimeter

Question 15

Most common site in adolescence osteomyelitis

Answer 15

metaphysis of femur or tibia

Question 16

Signs and Symptoms of Osteomyelitis

Answer 16

• swelling ,redness, warmth
• pain, fever, leukocytosis, malaise

Question 17

Treatment of Osteomyleitis

Answer 17

Antimicrobials, surgery (remove necrotic debris)

Question 18

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 18

a group of autoimmune disease that cause chronic inflammation in connective tissue joints common in knees wrists and elbows

Question 19

JRA ages

Answer 19

2-5
9-12

Question 20

JRA Signs and Symptoms

Answer 20

fever, rash, enlarged spleen, inflamed joint, mobility impaired, adhesions etc.

Question 21

JRA treatment

Answer 21

Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory, glucocorticoids, physiotherapy

Question 22

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 22

extreme weight loss due to self starvation
12-14, 16-17, refusal to eat + exercise, laxatives. female perfectionists

Question 23

Anorexia Outcomes

Answer 23

• amenorrhea
• low body temp
• low BP
• slow heart rate
• arrhythmias, fluid electrolyte imbalances

Question 24

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 24

Binge eating and purging, laxatives and diuretics

Question 25

Bulimia effects

Answer 25

• anemia
• fluid electrolyte imbalance
• arrhythmias
• tetany
• scars on hand
• dental caries
• esophagitis

Question 26

Acne

Answer 26

• hereditary predisposition
• • androgen
• premenstrual hormone fluctuations
• oily creams

Question 27

2 types of acne lesions

Answer 27

non inflammatory and inflammatory

Question 28

Mononucleosis

Answer 28

epstein barr virus

Question 29

Mono Complications

Answer 29

hepatitis, ruptured spleen, meningitis

Question 30

Mono test

Answer 30

positive heterophil antibody

Question 31

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 31

additional X chromosome (XXY), males

Question 32

Klinefelter’s Syndrome Manifestations

Answer 32

• mental retardation
• small testes
• no sperm
• no secondary sex characteristics

Question 33

Turners Syndrome

Answer 33

females, X chromosome missing (XO)

Question 34

Turners Manifestations

Answer 34

• lacking sexual development
• short stature
• gonadal dysgenesis

Question 35

Testicular tumours

Answer 35

• uncommon usually malignant
• unilateral, hard heavy mass, painless
• predisposing in undescended testes

Question 36

Primary Amenorrhea

Answer 36

Never got period after 17

Question 37

Secondary Amenorrhea

Answer 37

Period stops

Question 38

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 38

painful menstruation