15 - Adolescence, Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Adolescence age
10-12 to 18
Puberty
onset of reproductive changes, triggered by hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Kyphosis
increased convexity of thoracic spine
Lordosis
increased concavity of lumbar curvature
Scoliosis
abnormal deviation from right to left of vertebral column - affects locomotion and ventilation
Rotoscoliosis
vertebral bodies start to twist and rotate upon themselves
Structural scoliosis is due to
spinal deformity, wedge or fused vertebra, fused ribs
Functional scoliosis is due to
secondary to another problem like unequal leg length or spinal muscle support
Effects of scoliosis
- loss of shoulder hip alignment
- rotation of vertebrae
- ribs in abnormal positions
- ventilation problems if severe
Scoliosis Treatment
exercise, bracing, surgery
Osteomyelitis
infection of the bone
Osteomyelitis causes
- complication of trauma
- skin boil, sinusitis (hole)
sickle cell anemia predisposes
Sequestrum
dead bone
Involucrum
new bone growth stimulated on perimeter
Most common site in adolescence osteomyelitis
metaphysis of femur or tibia
Signs and Symptoms of Osteomyelitis
- swelling ,redness, warmth
- pain, fever, leukocytosis, malaise
Treatment of Osteomyleitis
Antimicrobials, surgery (remove necrotic debris)
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
a group of autoimmune disease that cause chronic inflammation in connective tissue joints common in knees wrists and elbows
JRA ages
2-5
9-12
JRA Signs and Symptoms
fever, rash, enlarged spleen, inflamed joint, mobility impaired, adhesions etc.
JRA treatment
Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory, glucocorticoids, physiotherapy
Anorexia Nervosa
extreme weight loss due to self starvation
12-14, 16-17, refusal to eat + exercise, laxatives. female perfectionists
Anorexia Outcomes
- amenorrhea
- low body temp
- low BP
- slow heart rate
- arrhythmias, fluid electrolyte imbalances
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating and purging, laxatives and diuretics
