21 - Blood

Question 1

Anemias

Answer 1

caused by reduction in oxygen
transport in the blood because of a ↓ in
hemoglobin production, a ↓ in RBC’s

Question 2

Iron Deficiency Anemia/Microcystic Hypochromic Anemia

Answer 2

Insufficient iron impedes the synthesis of hemoglobin so the 0₂ transported in the blood decreases

-1 in 5 women affected

Question 3

Pernicious Anemia/Megaloblastic

Answer 3

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Question 4

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 4

a recessive inherited characteristic leads to the formation of abnormal hemoglobin
- When this altered hemoglobin is
deoxygenated It crystallizes and changes the shape of the
RBC from disc→ crescent or “sickle” shape
- Cell membrane is damaged leading to
hemolysis and shorter life span (20 days instead of 120 days)

Question 5

Leukemias

Answer 5

Group of neoplastic disorders involving the white blood cells

Question 6

Acute Leukemias

Answer 6

characterized by high proportion of immature non-functional cells in the bone marrow & peripheral circulation

Question 7

Chronic Leukemias

Answer 7

have a higher proportion of mature
cells (may still have ↓ function)

Question 8

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 8

Neoplastic disease that involves increased production of malignant plasma cells replace the bone marrow and erode the bone

Question 9

Lymphatic Disorders

Answer 9

Malignant neoplasms involving lymphocyte proliferation in lymph nodes

Question 10

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Answer 10

Initially involves a single lymph node→ cancer then spreads to adjacent nodes
- To organs via lymphatics
- T-lymphocytes seem to be defective and lymphocyte count decreased

Question 11

Reed-Sternberg cell present in

Answer 11

hodgkin’s lymphoma in lymph node

Question 12

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Answer 12

approx. 80% involve B-Lymphocytes. distinguished by multiple node involvement scattered throughout the body & non-organized pattern of widespread mets