3. Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Where are connective tissue cells mainly derived from?

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

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2
Q

Name examples of cells derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. (3)

A
  • Fibroblast
  • Fat cells
  • Most cartilage and bone cells
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3
Q

Name examples of cells derived from the haemoatopoetic stem cell line. (5)

A
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Lymphocytes
  • Mast cells
  • Blood cells and others
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4
Q

What are the cells of connective tissues? (2)

A
  • Fibroblasts/cytes
  • Adipose cells
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5
Q

Name the visible fibres of connective tissues. (3)

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic
  • Reticulin
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6
Q

What is contained within the ground substance of connective tissues? (3)

A
  • Proteoglycans
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
  • Laminin, fibronectin (invisible fibres)
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7
Q

Name the 6 different types of connective tissue.

A
  • Loose fibrous
  • Dense fibrous
  • Hard cartilage
  • Hard bone
  • White fatty
  • Brown fatty
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8
Q

What is tropocollagen?

A

A triple helix of peptides

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9
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete?

A

Tropocollagen subunits

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10
Q

Name an example of Type 1 collagen.

A

Skin

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11
Q

Name an example of Type 2 collagen.

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

Name an example of Type 3 collagen.

A

Liver, bone marrow, spleen

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13
Q

Name an example of Type 4 collagen.

A

Basement membranes

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14
Q

Name an example of Type 5 collagen.

A

Placenta

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15
Q

How do collagen fibres look when stained with H&E?

A

Pink, variable thickness and length, often run in bands, extracullar

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16
Q

What is loose connective tissue comprised of?

A
  • Widely spaced thin collagen fibres
  • Fibroblasts/fibrocytes
  • Unstained ground substance
17
Q

What is dense connective tissue comprised of?

A
  • Closely spaced thick collagen fibres
  • Fibroblasts/fibrocytes
  • Unstained ground substance
  • May be irregular or regular
18
Q

What is reticulin?

A

Type III collagen
Fibrillar collagen

19
Q

What is the function of reticulin?

A

Forms a supporting scaffold in many organs
(Bone marrow, Liver, Kidney, Lymph node, Spleen)

20
Q

What does elastic tissue contain?

A

Fine fibres (can be branched) and sheets of elastin

21
Q

Elastin is produced by…

A

Fibroblasts

22
Q

What is white adipose tissue?

A

Large cells with single fat globule each that usually appear white in conventional slides

23
Q

What is brown adipose tissue?

A

Cells with many globules of fat

24
Q

Where is brown adipose tissue found?

A

Across and down back of newborn

25
What are the cartilage cells?
Chondroblasts and chondrocytes
26
What is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage?
Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans
27
What are some extracellular fibres of cartilage?
Collagen and elastin
28
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
In synovial joints
29
What is hyaline cartilage?
Chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by a glassy amporphous matrix
30
What is pericondrium?
Fibroblasts and collagen
31
Where is elastic cartilage found?
In the pinna, epiglottis
32
Where is fibrocartilage found?
In the annulus fibrosus, pubic symphysis
33
Where is synovium located?
Lines the inside of the joint capsule
34
Describe synovium.
- 1-4 layers of synovial cells - Variable shapes- squamous to cuboidal - Richly vascular, highly innervated
35
Give an example where smooth muscle is located.
Arterial wall, wall of intestine, airways of lungs
36
Give an example where skeletal muscle is located.
Skeletal muscles, larynx, diaphragm
37
Where is cardiac muscle located?
Heart, base of great vessels
38
Name some other contractile cells. (3)
Pericytes, myofibroblasts, myoepithelial cells
39
Describe smooth muscle.
- Involuntary - Fusiform - Central nucleus - No striations - Non-branching