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Histology > 3. Connective Tissues > Flashcards

3. Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Where are connective tissue cells mainly derived from?

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

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2
Q

Name examples of cells derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. (3)

A
  • Fibroblast
  • Fat cells
  • Most cartilage and bone cells
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3
Q

Name examples of cells derived from the haemoatopoetic stem cell line. (5)

A
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Lymphocytes
  • Mast cells
  • Blood cells and others
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4
Q

What are the cells of connective tissues? (2)

A
  • Fibroblasts/cytes
  • Adipose cells
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5
Q

Name the visible fibres of connective tissues. (3)

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic
  • Reticulin
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6
Q

What is contained within the ground substance of connective tissues? (3)

A
  • Proteoglycans
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
  • Laminin, fibronectin (invisible fibres)
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7
Q

Name the 6 different types of connective tissue.

A
  • Loose fibrous
  • Dense fibrous
  • Hard cartilage
  • Hard bone
  • White fatty
  • Brown fatty
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8
Q

What is tropocollagen?

A

A triple helix of peptides

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9
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete?

A

Tropocollagen subunits

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10
Q

Name an example of Type 1 collagen.

A

Skin

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11
Q

Name an example of Type 2 collagen.

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

Name an example of Type 3 collagen.

A

Liver, bone marrow, spleen

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13
Q

Name an example of Type 4 collagen.

A

Basement membranes

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14
Q

Name an example of Type 5 collagen.

A

Placenta

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15
Q

How do collagen fibres look when stained with H&E?

A

Pink, variable thickness and length, often run in bands, extracullar

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16
Q

What is loose connective tissue comprised of?

A
  • Widely spaced thin collagen fibres
  • Fibroblasts/fibrocytes
  • Unstained ground substance
17
Q

What is dense connective tissue comprised of?

A
  • Closely spaced thick collagen fibres
  • Fibroblasts/fibrocytes
  • Unstained ground substance
  • May be irregular or regular
18
Q

What is reticulin?

A

Type III collagen
Fibrillar collagen

19
Q

What is the function of reticulin?

A

Forms a supporting scaffold in many organs
(Bone marrow, Liver, Kidney, Lymph node, Spleen)

20
Q

What does elastic tissue contain?

A

Fine fibres (can be branched) and sheets of elastin

21
Q

Elastin is produced by…

A

Fibroblasts

22
Q

What is white adipose tissue?

A

Large cells with single fat globule each that usually appear white in conventional slides

23
Q

What is brown adipose tissue?

A

Cells with many globules of fat

24
Q

Where is brown adipose tissue found?

A

Across and down back of newborn

25
Q

What are the cartilage cells?

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

26
Q

What is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

A

Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans

27
Q

What are some extracellular fibres of cartilage?

A

Collagen and elastin

28
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

In synovial joints

29
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by a glassy amporphous matrix

30
Q

What is pericondrium?

A

Fibroblasts and collagen

31
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

In the pinna, epiglottis

32
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

In the annulus fibrosus, pubic symphysis

33
Q

Where is synovium located?

A

Lines the inside of the joint capsule

34
Q

Describe synovium.

A
  • 1-4 layers of synovial cells
  • Variable shapes- squamous to cuboidal
  • Richly vascular, highly innervated
35
Q

Give an example where smooth muscle is located.

A

Arterial wall, wall of intestine, airways of lungs

36
Q

Give an example where skeletal muscle is located.

A

Skeletal muscles, larynx, diaphragm

37
Q

Where is cardiac muscle located?

A

Heart, base of great vessels

38
Q

Name some other contractile cells. (3)

A

Pericytes, myofibroblasts, myoepithelial cells

39
Q

Describe smooth muscle.

A
  • Involuntary
  • Fusiform
  • Central nucleus
  • No striations
  • Non-branching

Histology (17 decks)

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