10. Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Were is this found?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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2
Q

Where is this found?

A

Thick Limb Loop of Henle

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3
Q

Where is this found?

A

Thin Limb Loop of Henle

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4
Q

Where is this found?

A

Glomerulus

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5
Q

Where is this found?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

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6
Q

Where is this found?

A

Collecting Duct

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7
Q

Kidney Cortex, Medulla or Pelvis?

A

Cortex

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8
Q

Kidney Cortex, Medulla or Pelvis?

A

Medulla

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9
Q

Kidney Cortex, Medulla or Pelvis?

A

Pelvis

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10
Q

What are glomerulus?

A

Tuft of covoluted fenesrated capillaries with a glomerular basement membrane

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11
Q

What is a glomerulus lined by?

A

Podocytes

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12
Q

What is a glomerulus supported by?

A

Mesangial cells

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13
Q

Glomerulus is encased in…

A

Bowman’s capsule

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14
Q

Where are mesangial cells located?

A

Between capillaries

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15
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus has what 2 components?

A

Afferent arteriole
Distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

Afferent arterioles contibute what to juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Granular cells which secrete renin in response to low bp

17
Q

Distal convoluted tubules contibute what to juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Macula densa- a patch of closely packed endothelial cells along tubule which senses NaCl concentration and regulates tubuloglomerular feedback

18
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule has what epithelium?

A

Cuboidal epithelium, round central/basal nuclei, brush border of microvilli at apical end and many mitochondria (appears eosionphilic)

19
Q

What happens at the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium?

A

Reabsorption of NaCl, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids and glucose

20
Q

The thin Loop of Henle epithelium is…

A

Simple squamous

21
Q

The thick Loop of Henle epithelium is…

A

Low cuboidal

22
Q

The Loop of Henle is supplied by…

A

Rich vasa recta

23
Q

Distal convoluted tubule has what epithelium?

A

Low cuboidal with scanty microvilli and numerous mitochondria

24
Q

What is the role of distal convoluted tubule epithelia?

A

Regulates acid base by secreting H+ and absorbing HCO3-
Regulates Na levels by exchanging Na+ for K+

25
The collecting duct is made of what epithelium?
Cuboidal
26
Principal cells in the collecting duct respond to...
Aldosterone and ADH
27
Intercalated cells in the collecting duct...
Exchange H+ for HCO3-
28
The renal pelvis is lined by...
Urothelium
29
Urothelium transmits filtrate from... to...
Nephron to ureter
30
Urothelium is...
Specialised epithelium found in the collection/drainage parts of the urinart tract made of complex strtified epitheium with a layer of umbrella cells that overlie the pseudostratifies layer of polygonal cells
31
Describe ureters.
Transitional epithelium Spiral muscular tube (Inner "longitudinal", Outer "Circular") No serosa Loose adventitia
32
The bladder is lined with what endothelium?
Urothelium
33
What does the functional valve in the bladder do?
Prevents reflux into the ureter
34
Describe female urethra.
4-5cm long Proximally transitional epithelium Distally squamous epithelium Parautethral and periurethral glands open into the urethra