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Histology > 11(a). Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

11(a). Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the testes?

A

Paired organ in scrotum

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2
Q

What is the average weight of the testes?

A

15-19g

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the testes capsules?

A
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • Tunica albuginea
  • Tunica vasculosa
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4
Q

Describe the tunica vaginalis.

A

Flattened layer of mesothelial cells

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5
Q

Describe the tunica albuginea.

A

Collagen fibres with some fibroblasts, myocytes and nerve fibres

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6
Q

Descibe the tunica vasculosa.

A

Loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and lymphatics

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7
Q

How is testicular parencyma divided?

A

Into lobules by septa originating from the capsule

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8
Q

How many lobules are there per testis?

A

~250

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9
Q

How many seminiferous tubules sone 1 lobule contain?

A

1-4

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10
Q

What do seminiferous tubules contain?

A

Germ cells in varying stages of maturation and sertoli cells

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11
Q

Describe the appearance of Type B differentiating progenitor cells.

A

Spherical nuclei with densely stained masses of chromatin

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12
Q

Describe the appearance of Type A spermatogonia.

A

Darkly stained stem cells (Ad) and pale stained (Ap) cells

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13
Q

What do Type A spermatogonia become?

A

Primary spermatocytes

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14
Q

What do primary spermatocytes become?

A

Secondary spermatocytes

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15
Q

What do secondary spermatocytes become?

A

Spermatids

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16
Q

What do spermatids become?

A

Spermatozoon

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17
Q

What are sertoli cells?

A

Columnar cells on the basement membrane of the tubule

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18
Q

What are the functions of sertoli cells?

A
  • Send cytoplasmic projections around germ cells
  • Have supportive, phagocytic and secretory functions
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19
Q

Describe sertoli nuclei.

A

Nuclei are irregularly shaped, folded and have prominent nucleolus to distinguish from germ cells

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20
Q

What are the sections of spermatozoa?

A

Head, midpiece and tail

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21
Q

What does the head of the spermatozoa contain?

A

Acrosomal cap and nucleus

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22
Q

What does the midpiece of spermatozoa contain?

A

Spiral mitochondria

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23
Q

What does the tail of a spermatozoa contain?

A

Centrioles, axoneme and plasma membrane

24
Q

Describe Leydig cells.

A
  • Present singly in clusters in the interstitium between tubercles
  • Abundant cytoplasm containing lipid
  • Reinke’s crytalloids
25
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

26
Q

What are the rete testis?

A

Anastomosing network of tubules at the hilum of the testis

27
Q

What do the rete testis receive?

A

Luminal contents from seminiferous tubules

28
Q

What are rete testis lined by?

A

Simple squamous or low columnar epithelium on a relatively thick basement membrane

29
Q

What to the rete testis have at the luminal surface?

A

Cilia

30
Q

What are efferent ducts?

A

12-15 convoluted tubules which empty into epididymis

31
Q

What are efferent ducts lined by?

A

Ciliated and non ciliated simple columnar epithelium with interspersed cuboidal cells (basal) to give a pseudostratified appearance

32
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A tubular structure 4-5cm long containing a highly convoluted epididymal duct (5m)

33
Q

What is the epididymis lined by?

A

Tall columnar cells with long atypical cilia

34
Q

The epithelium of the epididymis is supported by what?

A

A thick basement membrane surrounding which is a well defined muscular coat

35
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

30-40cm tubular structure arising from the caudal portion of epididymis

36
Q

The distal part of the vas deferens is enlarged to form what?

A

The ampulla which joins the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

37
Q

The vas deferens is lined by what?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium comprising columnar and basal cells

38
Q

Describe the muscular wall of the vas deferens.

A

Thick muscular wall of 3 layers

39
Q

What is the prostate?

A

Pear shaped glandular organ

40
Q

How heavy is the prostate in young adults?

A

Up to 20g

41
Q

Where is the prostate positioned?

A

Surrounds the neck and prostatic urethra

42
Q

How many lobes does the prostate have and what are they called?

A

5
- Anterior
- Middle
- Posterior
- 2 lateral lobes

43
Q

What are the 4 gland regions in the prostate?

A
  • Peripheral
  • Central
  • Transitional
  • Peri-urethral
44
Q

What is the prostate covered by?

A

An ill-defined fibro-connective tissue capsule

45
Q

What are the ducts of the prostate?

A

Large primary and small secondary

46
Q

Describe the acini of the prostate.

A

30-50 tubuloalveolar glands with convoluted edges

47
Q

What are prostatic acini lined by?

A

Secretory cells, basal cells and neuroendocrine cells

48
Q

What do secretory cells in the luminal side of the prostate gland secrete?

A

PSA and PAP into the seminal fluid

49
Q

Describe the stroma of the prostate.

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Fibroelastic fibres
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves
50
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Paired highly coiled tubular structures posterolateral to the bladder

51
Q

What are seminal vesicles lined by?

A

Tall non-ciliated columnar epithelium

52
Q

Describe the mucosa of seminal vesicles.

A

Filded smooth muscles (2 layers) and Adventitia

53
Q

How many components are there regarding the erectile tissue of the penis?

A

3

54
Q

What are the erectile tissues of the penis called?

A
  • Left corpora cavernosa
  • Right corpora cavernosa
  • Corpus spongiosum
55
Q

What runs through the corpus spongiosum?

A

The urethra

56
Q

What does the erectile tissue comprise?

A

Irregular vascular spaces separated by fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle

Histology (17 decks)

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