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Histology > 15. Bone > Flashcards

15. Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main types of bone cells?

A
  • Osteoprogenitor cells
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
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2
Q

What 2 factors are contained within the extraceullar matrix of bone?

A
  • Collagen
  • Calcium hydroxyapatite
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3
Q

What are osteoblasts derived from?

A

Embryonic mesenchyme (osteoprogenitor cells)

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4
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

Secrete osteoid (unmineralised bone) made from type 1 collagen

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5
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Inactive form of osteoblasts that become trapped in their own matrix

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6
Q

How do osteoblasts/osteoclasts connect to surrounding cells?

A

Via canaliculi

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7
Q

What are osteoclasts derived from?

A

Monocytes

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8
Q

Name a unique feature of osteoclasts.

A

Multinucleate cells

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9
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Absorb bone

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10
Q

Where are osteoclasts located?

A

Sit in Howship’s lacunae

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11
Q

What factor secreted by osteoblasts regulates osteoclast activity?

A

RANKL

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12
Q

What are the 2 different types of bone by origin?

A
  • Primary (woven)
  • Secondary (lamellar)
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13
Q

What are the 2 different types of bone by mode of formation?

A
  • Membranous
    Endochondrial
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14
Q

What are the 4 types of bone by gross appearance?

A
  • Spongy/cancellous
  • Compact
  • Osteons
  • Appositional
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15
Q

Describe secondary bone.

A
  • Forms as osteons
  • Central Haversian canal containing blood vessels
  • Surrounding concentric rings of lamellar bone with osteocytes
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16
Q

Which bones are formed via intramembranous ossification?

A
  • Flat bones of the skull
  • Some cortical bone shafts
17
Q

Describe synovium.

A
  • Lines the inside of the joint capsule
  • 1-4 layers of synovial cells
  • Variable shapes (squamous to cuboidal)
  • Richly vascularised and highly innervated
18
Q

Type A synovium are…

A

Phagocytes

19
Q

Type B synovium are…

A

Rich in rER

20
Q

Describe woven bone.

A
  • Formed rapidly during new bone formation
  • Mechanically weak
  • Remodelled to stronger lamellar bone

Histology (17 decks)

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