Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > 13. Endocrine System > Flashcards

13. Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pituitary do?

A

Coordinates the endocrine organs through feedback loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 functional components of the pituitary?

A

Posterior and Anterior Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the posterior pituitary?

A

Downward extension of hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the neural tissue of the posterior pituitary?

A

Axons and glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the posterior pituitary store/secrete?

A

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the anterior pituitary.

A
  • Nested epithelial cells
  • Richly vascular fibrous stroma
  • Several different types of epithelial cell not distinguishable on H&E
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 anterior pituitary epithelial cell types?

A
  • Somatotrophs
  • Lactotrophs
  • Corticotrophs
  • Gonadotrophs
  • Thyrotrophs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do somatotrophs secrete?

A

Growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do lactotrophs secrete?

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do corticotrophs secrete?

A

ACTH
Alpha-MSH
Beta-lipotrophin
Beta-endorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do gonadotrophs secrete?

A

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do thyrotrophs secrete?

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are somatotrophs present?

A

Throughout the anterior pituitary gland, lateral wings of anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe lactotrophs.

A
  • Polygonal cells
  • Cytoplasmic processes wrap around other cells
  • Variable prolactin staining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe thyrotrophs.

A
  • Angular chromophobes
  • Elongated cytoplasmic processes
  • Variable TSH staining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe gonadotrophs.

A

Scattered round/oval cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do gonadotrophs stain with?

A

Alpha subunit, beta LH and beta FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe corticotrophs.

A
  • Round basophilic cells
  • Median of gland
  • Large cytoplasmic vacuoles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the anterior pituitary supporting cells?

A

Sustentacular cells that surround normal follicles

20
Q

Describe the pineal gland.

A

Pinealocytes in rosettes
Brain sand

21
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

22
Q

What are the epithelial cells of the thyroid?

A

Follicular cells and colloid cells that are richly vascular

23
Q

The thyroid gland produces what?

A

Thyroxine and Calcitonin

24
Q

What sits between the follicles in the thyroid gland?

A

C-cells

25
Q

What are the 3 epithelial cell types of the parathyroid glands?

A

Chief cells, oxyphils and adipocytes

26
Q

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

27
Q

Describe the parathyroid chief cells.

A
  • Polygonal cells
  • Scant cytoplasm
28
Q

What do the chief cells of the parathyroid gland do?

A

Raise serum Ca2+

29
Q

Describe parathyroid gland oxyphil cells.

A
  • Large polygonal cells
  • Increase with age
  • Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • Finely granular
  • Unknown function
30
Q

What are Islets of Langerhans?

A

Balls of cells with a thin fibrous capsule mostly in the pancreatic tail

31
Q

What are the 4 epithelial cells of the endocrine pancreas?

A
  • Beta cells
  • Alpha cells
  • Delta cells
  • PP cells
32
Q

What do B cells produce?

A

Insulin

33
Q

What do A cells produce?

A

Glucagon

34
Q

What do D cells produce?

A

Somatostatin

35
Q

What do PP cells produce?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

36
Q

What are the 3 epithelial parts of the adrenal cortex?

A
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zona fasciculata
  • Zona reticularis
37
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa produce?

A

Aldosterone

38
Q

Describe the zona glomerulosa.

A
  • Thin, incomplete
  • Small cells
  • Vacuolated cytoplasm
39
Q

What does the zona fasiculate produce?

A

Cortisol

40
Q

Describe the zona fasiculate.

A
  • Most prominent
  • Large polygonal cells
  • Almost clear cytoplasm
41
Q

What does the zona reticularis produce?

A

Androgenic steroids

42
Q

Describe the zona reticularis.

A
  • Innermost cortical layer
  • Anastomosing columns of small polygonal cells
43
Q

What epithelial cells are in the adrenal medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

44
Q

Describe the adrenal medulla.

A
  • Centre of adrenal gland
  • Large polyhedral
45
Q

What is secreted from the adrenal medulla?

A

Adrenalin and noradrenalin

46
Q

What is a phaeochromocytoma?

A

Rare malignant tumour of adrenal medulla

Histology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions