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Histology > 11(b). Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

11(b). Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

Paired organ lying on either side of the uterus close to the lateral pelvis wall

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2
Q

What does the ovaries attach to? (3)

A
  • Boread ligament by mesentery
  • Uterus by utero-ovarian ligament
  • Pelvic wall by the suspensory ligament
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3
Q

The ovaries are covered by what?

A

A single layer of modified mesothelium

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4
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

A poorly defined connective tissue layer of the ovary

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5
Q

What is the stroma of the ovary divided into?

A

Cortex and medulla

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6
Q

Describe the ovarian cortex.

A
  • Spindle stronal cells arranged in whorls/storiform pattern
  • Ovarian follicles
  • Some leutinised cells
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7
Q

Describe the ovarian medulla.

A
  • Loose fibroelastic tissue with blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
  • Rete ovarii- analogue of rete testis present at the hilum
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8
Q

Describe ovary primordial follicles.

A
  • Located at the periphery of the cortex
  • Contains primary oocyte in a resting state
  • Surrounded by a single layer of epithelial cells (granulosa cells)
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9
Q

What stimulates follicular development?

A

Cyclic FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary

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10
Q

What happens during follicular development?

A
  • Follicular epithelial cells proliferate
  • Oocyte enlarges
  • Stromal cells become organised into connective tissue sheath
  • Zona pellucida forms directly around the oocyte
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11
Q

What happens in secondary follicular development?

A
  • Formation of antrum (follicular fluid filled space)
  • CT differentiates into inner Theca interna and outer Theca externa
  • Oocyte is supportes in the antrum by a stalk of granulosa cells (Cumulus oophorus)
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12
Q

Describe mature follciles.

A
  • Ovum is surrounded by thick zona pellucida
  • A layer of granulosa cells surround the oocyte- corona radiata
  • Basal lamina
  • Theca interna and Theca externa
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13
Q

Approximately how many primordial follicles are present at birth?

A

400,000

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14
Q

Aprroximately how many primordial follicles mature to ovulate?

A

400

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15
Q

What happens when a follicle converts into a corpus luteum?

A

Leutinisation of the granulosa theca cells occurs (polygonal, larger, abundant lipid cytoplasm)

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16
Q

What does corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone and oestrogen

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17
Q

What happens to corpus luteum when pregnancy does not occur?

A

They regress

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18
Q

When does regression of corpus luteum occur?

A

8-9 days after ovulation of pregnancy does not occur

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19
Q

Describe corpus luteum regression.

A
  • Granulosa cells decreae in size, develop pykinotic nuclei + accumulate abnormal lipid
  • Cells undergo dissolution and are phagocytoses
  • There is progressive ingrowth of connective tissue
  • Eventually they may be resorbed/replaced by ovarian stroma
20
Q

What is corpus albicans?

A

Well circumscribed structure with convolutred borders, almost entirely composed of densely packed collagen with occasional follicles

21
Q

What are the fallopian tubes?

A
  • Run throughout the length of the broad ligament
  • Transports ovum to uterus
  • Fertilization occurs here
22
Q

What are the 4 segments of the fallopian tube?

A
  • Intramural- inside uterine wall
  • Isthmus- 2-3cm thick-walled
  • Ampulla- expanded area
  • Infundibulum- trumpet-shaped opening to peritoneum with fimbriae
23
Q

What are the 3 layers of the fallopian tubes?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Muscularis (myosalpinx)
  • Serosa
24
Q

Describe the fallopian mucosa.

A
  • Thrown into branching folds (plicae)
  • 2 cell types (secretory and ciliated)
25
Q

Descrobe the fallopian muscularis.

A
  • Inner circular layer
  • Outer longitudinal layer
26
Q

Describe the fallopian serosa.

A

Connective tissue covered by mesothelium

27
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A
  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Serosa
28
Q

What are the layers of the endometrium?

A
  • Deep basal layer- stratum basalis
  • Superficial functional layer- stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum
29
Q

Describe the edometrium during proliferative phase.

A
  • Oestrogen stimulation
  • Straight proliferating glands with mitotic activity
  • No luminal secretions
  • Stromal cells are spindled and compact, showing mitotic activity
30
Q

Describe the endometrium during the secretory phase.

A
  • Progesterone stimulation
  • Early = sub-nuclear glycogen vacuoles
  • Mid = vacuoles above and below the mucleus and later intraluminal secretions, glands are more rounded, stroma-oedema
  • Late = elongated and saw-toothed glands with more intraluminal secretions, stroma- apiral arterioles, decidual change
31
Q

Describe the endometrium during menstrual phase.

A
  • Progesterone stimulation withdrawn
  • Stronal haemorrhage and granulocytes
  • Stronal and glandular fragmentation
32
Q

Describe the myometrium.

A

Thick muscular wall with 3 ill-defined layers of smooth muscle

33
Q

What are the 3 smooth muscle layers of the myometrium?

A
  • Inner longitudinal
  • Middle circular
  • Outer longitudinal
34
Q

Describe the endocervix.

A
  • Loose fibromuscular stroma lined by simple columnar ciliated epithelium
  • Thrown into crypts
35
Q

Describe the ectocervix.

A
  • Dense smooth muscle stroma lined by non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
  • Sites of squamocolumnar junction varies
  • Atrophic in postmenopausal women
36
Q

Describe the vagina mucosa.

A
  • Lined by non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium
  • Stroma contains elastic fibres and a rich vascular network
37
Q

Describe the vagina muscular wall.

A
  • Smooth muscle cells
  • Inner circular
  • Outer longitudinal
38
Q

Describe the vagina adventitia.

A

Loose connective tissue

39
Q

What do the vulva consist of?

A

Mons pubis, clitoris, labia minora, labia majora, vulvar vestibyla, hymen, urthral meatus, Skein’s gland, Bartholins gland, Introitus

40
Q

Describe the labia majora.

A

Lined by keratinising stratified squamous epithelium and has skin adnexae

41
Q

Describe the labia minora.

A

Mostly non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

42
Q

Describe Bartholin’s gland.

A
  • Tubuloalveolar glands
  • Acini lined by mucus-secreting epithelium
43
Q

Describe the minor vestibular glands.

A

Simple tubular glands lined by mucus-secreting epithelium

44
Q

Describe Skein’s glands.

A
  • Analogous to prostate
  • Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
45
Q

Describe the hymen.

A

Lined by non-keratinising squamous epithelium

46
Q

Describe the clitoris.

A

Erectile tissue rich in blood vessels

Histology (17 decks)

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