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Histology > 12. Skin and Breast > Flashcards

12. Skin and Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 main functions of the skin?

A
  • Barrier to infection
  • Waterproofing
  • Thermoregulation
  • Protect against trauma
  • Protect against UV light
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Sensation
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2
Q

Describe the epidermis basement membrane.

A
  • Not usually visible on H&E
  • Made of type 4 collagen
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3
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  • Basement membrane
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum corneum
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4
Q

Describe the stratum basale.

A
  • Sits on the basement membrane
  • Basal epithelial cells (stem cells)
  • Contains melanocytes
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5
Q

What is the main function of melanocytes of the skin?

A

Synthesise melanin and transfer it to surrounding keratinocytes in melanosomes in response to MSH and ACTH stimulation

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6
Q

What is the main function of melanin?

A

Absorbs ultraviolet light, protecting us from non-ionising radiation damage

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7
Q

Describe the stratum corneum.

A
  • Acellular
  • Plates of keratin
  • Prominent at certain sites
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8
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum.

A
  • Plump polygonal keratinocytes
  • Prominent intercellular adhesions
  • Langerhans cells
  • Merkel cells
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9
Q

What do Langerhans cells in skin do?

A

Antigen recognition

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10
Q

What is the purpose of Merkel cells?

A

Sensory

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11
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum.

A
  • Flattened squames
  • Eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • Haematoxophilic kerato-hyaline granules
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12
Q

What are epidermal adnexae?

A

Downgrowths of the epidermis into the dermis

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13
Q

Name 4 epidermal adnexae.

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Eccrine sweat glands
  • Apocrine sweat glands
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14
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A
  • Accompany hair follicles
  • Produce sebaceous secretions which lubricate and waterproof hairs
  • Holocrine secretion
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15
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A
  • Accompany hair follicles
  • Axillae and groins
  • Ceruminous glands in the ear
  • Simple coiled tubular glands
  • Pheromones?
  • Eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • Apocrine secretion
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16
Q

What are eccrine glands?

A
  • Thin watery secretion
  • Everywhere
  • Coiled tubes 2 cell layers thick (inner secretory, outer myoepithelial)
  • Eccrine secretion
17
Q

Describe dermo-epidermal junctions.

A
  • Ridged
  • Epidermis protrudes downwards into underlying dermis
  • Space between these is the papillary dermis
18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the dermis?

A
  • Papillary dermis
  • Reticular dermis
  • Subcutis
19
Q

What does the dermis contain? (8)

A
  • Irregular loose connective tissue
  • Fibroblasts
  • Collagen
  • Glycosaminoglycan matric
  • Blood vessels and lymphatics
  • Nerves
  • Sensory cells
  • Scattered inflammatory cells
20
Q

Describe the Meissner’s corpuscle sensory structures of the dermis.

A
  • Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings
  • Fine touch
  • Dermal papillae especially in hairless skin
21
Q

Describe the Pascinian corpuscle sensory structures of the dermis.

A
  • Large ecapsulated sensory receptors
  • Vibration and tickle
  • Deep dermis
  • Central non-myelinated nerve and surrounding lamellae of modified Shwann cellls
  • Fluid-filled space separates inner core of lamellae from an outer lamella
22
Q

Describe the subcutis.

A
  • Adipose tissues
  • Fibrovascular septa
  • Insulation
  • Shock-absorber
  • Food store
23
Q

What is breast tissue?

A
  • Tissue present from birth but develops at puberty
  • Collection of modified sweat glands
  • Myoepithelial system of ducts and lobules set in fibroadipose connective tissue
  • Ducts empty into nipple
24
Q

Describe the terminal duct lobular units of the breast.

A
  • Lobules arranged around a terminal duct
  • Set in loose fibrous connective tissue
25
Q

The ducts and lobules of the breast are lined by what 2 layers of cells?

A

Outer myoepithelial and inner columnar epithelial

26
Q

What happens in the breast at lactation?

A

Inner layer secretory cells become vacuolated

27
Q

What are the 3 principal histological layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis and subcutis

Histology (17 decks)

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