2.9 Design for Manufacture and Project Management Flashcards
1
Q
main aims of TQM (total quality management)
A
- remove waste
- make products right first time
- continuous improvement
2
Q
Deming’s principles (5)
A
- removes quotas & rating systems for employees
- encourage all workers to constantly improve
- constantly improve products/services
- workers trained on the job
- barriers broken down between ‘hierarchy’ of job roles
3
Q
internal customer (definition)
A
- a customer that works within the company and uses their products/services
4
Q
external customer (definition)
A
- a customer that uses the company’s products/services but does not work within the company
5
Q
kaizen (definition)
A
- continuous improvement with a focus on efficiency, use of RFID
6
Q
right first time (definition)
A
- all products are produced correctly so there are no failed products
- achieved by rigorous prototyping and testing before production
7
Q
zero defect (definition)
A
- the quest for perfection in a product by eliminating all unnecessary processes
8
Q
continuous improvement (definition)
A
- improve products/services by getting feedback for customers, workers etc
9
Q
quality circles (definition)
A
- group of people working on similar jobs who meet up to solve problems & generate ideas
10
Q
benchmarking (definition)
A
- comparing processes to best in industry and aiming to meet this level by improving processes etc
11
Q
ISO9001 (definition)
A
- international standard of quality control
- buying parts/components from companies with this ensures they are high quality
12
Q
scrum (definition)
A
- project management method
- focuses on organisation of workforce teams to reduce lead time
- tasks are broken down and delegated to smaller teams
- feedback is given immediately after each ‘sprint’ (run of 1-4 weeks)
13
Q
benefits of scrum (6)
A
- shorter lead time
- easy to make changes as feedback given after each stage
- solves problems quickly
- improves teamwork & cohesion
- more specific needs met- due to daily feedback also meaning issues solved faster
- collaboration means more creativity
14
Q
5 stages of six sigma
A
- DEFINE- issues within process identified, goals set, team assembled
- MEASURE- measure extent of issue, base estimates taken, factors critical to cost, quality & schedule considered
- ANALYSE- determine where measured issues are, consider value stream for process and which add value to customer
- IMPROVE- introduce procedures to rectify issues
- CONTROL- ensure modified procedures are implemented & maintained
15
Q
aim of six sigma
A
- reduce number of defective products to less than 3.4 in a million
16
Q
main aim of lean manufacture
A
- to reduce waste to zero
- waste = anything that does not benefit client
17
Q
TIMWOOD (types of waste)
A
- TRANSPORT
- INVENTORY
- MOVEMENT
- WAITING
- OVERPRODUCTION
- OVER PROCESSING
- DEFECTS
18
Q
TIMWOOD
transport
A
- when product transported risk of damage/loss
> reduce distance = reduce risk & chance of production being delayed
19
Q
TIMWOOD
inventory
A
- JiT aims to reduce inventory on sight, stock held on sight at risk of damage & loss in value
> delays sales
20
Q
TIMWOOD
movement
A
- refers to employees & equipment
- unnecessary movement increases production time
21
Q
TIMWOOD
overproduction
A
- main aim of JiT is to reduce storage
- if products are over produced ‘just in case’ more storage needed
- products may not sell- wastes time & money
22
Q
TIMWOOD
over processing
A
- correct equipment must be used
- investment in heavy machinery must be justified
23
Q
TIMWOOD
defects
A
- any defective products must be removed
- relies of QC & QA
24
Q
critical path analysis (definition)
A
- project management method
- used to analyse all individual stages within a project and plan the most effective and time efficient completion of each element within the time schedule
25
advantages of critical path analysis (4)
- reduces risks & costs of complex projects
- reduces/eliminates wasted time
- provides concise overview of whole project
- highlights important tasks & dependencies
26
disadvantages of critical path analysis (3)
- reliability based on estimates & assumptions
- diagram can become too complex to understand
- project still requires management due to external factors subject to change
27
what is a CMM- coordinate measuring machine?
- a probe scanner used to check pre-defined measurements on a product/component
- traditional 'touch' probes can measure in 3D by lightly touching probe to component
- data is automatically compared to a 3D model of the part
- laser scanning recently introduced- faster & more accurate
