Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level DT > 1.1 Materials and their Applications > Flashcards

1.1 Materials and their Applications Flashcards

1
Q

hardness

A

how easily a material can be scratched or indented

(often stiff but brittle- low impact resistance)

Eg diamond, high carbon steel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ductility

A

ability to be drawn out into a thin wire
how easily a material can be worked

Eg gold, copper, titanium, rough iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

durability

A

ability to withstand wear and tear through weathering/corrosive attack etc

Eg glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elasticity

A

ability of a material to return to its original form after a load has been applied and removed

Eg rubber, nylon, mild steel spring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

toughness

A

material that absorbs impact well (sudden forces/shocks eg hammer blow)

opposite of brittleness

Eg copper, nickel, stainless steel, titanium alloys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

corrosion resistance

A

ability to withstand environmental attack and decay

Eg uPVC, gold, silver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

plasticity

A

materials which deform permanently when small forces are applied

Eg clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compressive strength

A

ability to withstand pushing/squeezing forces

Eg concrete, diamonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stiffness

A

ability to withstand bending

Eg aluminium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stability

A

general property of resistance to changes in shape or size (eg due to temperature/humidity changes)

Eg plastic & ceramics (wood = poor example)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

self finishing

A

materials need no further treatment other than cleaning/polishing

Eg laser cut plastics (such as acrylic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thermal conductivity

A

how well a material conducts heat

Eg most metals (esp copper, aluminium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

electrical conductivity

A

how well a material conducts electricity

Eg metals (esp copper), graphite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

brittleness

A

material that has a tendency to break easily or suddenly without extension first (opposite of toughness)

Eg ceramics, cast iron, concrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

density

A

= mass per unit of volume

unit is kg/m^3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

malleability

A

ability to plastically deform and shape a material by forging, rolling or any other method of applying pressure without cracking

(lit. meaning = being easy to beat into a thin sheet)

Eg lead, gold, copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

strength

A

general ability to withstand applied force

Eg reinforced concrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tensile strength

A

ability to withstand pulling/stretching forces

Eg carbon fibres, graphene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

light transmission

A

how easily the material allows light to pass through it

20
Q

fusibility

A

ability of a material to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid/molten state (usually) by heat

21
Q

magnetism

A

natural force between objects that cause the material to attract iron or steels

22
Q

toughness vs brittleness

WORKSHOP TEST

A

samples clamped in vice, hit with hammer using same force
tough = absorbs impact
brittle = bend/shatter

23
Q

toughness vs brittleness

INDUSTRIAL TESTS

A

IZOD/CHARPY IMPACT TEST

notched test piece held vertically in vice
pendulum released from set position
swings & strikes test piece
energy absorbed calculated from height pendulum swings to after impact
further swing = less energy absorbed = more brittle

24
Q

hardness

WORKSHOP TESTS

A

ABRASIVE WEAR
run file over surface of material
fewer scratches = harder

RESISTANCE TO SURFACE INDENTATION
using dot punch & hammer
sample is fully supported beneath
dot punch hit with hammer once using same force for each material
smaller indent = harder
25
``` hardness INDUSTRIAL TESTS (ROCKWELL) ```
ROCKWELL TEST - preload applied to sample using diamond indenter- breaks through surface of material - preload = datum position - additional load applied & held for predetermined length of time (dwell time) - load released and distance between preload and applied load measured & hardness calculate - smaller indentation depth = harder material
26
hardness (INDUSTRIAL TESTS) brinell test
BRINELL TEST - hardened steel ball forced into materials surface using pre-set load - diameter measured - smaller diameter = harder material
27
hardness (INDUSTRIAL TESTS) vickers pyramid test
VICKERS PYRAMID TEST - used for v hard materials - diamond square-based pyramid used to indent material surface - diamond used as will not deform under load - microscope used to measure size of indent - smaller indent = harder material
28
malleability & ductility | WORKSHOP TEST
- test piece secured in vice - attempt to bend test piece 90 degrees - OUTSIDE BEND: cracks/surface damage = lack of ductility - INSIDE BEND: cracks/surface damage = lack of malleability
29
ductility & malleability | INDUSTRIAL TEST
-test piece placed into bending machine & held. supported at both ends. -a mandrel/plunger loads test piece at centre & bends to predetermined angle/until fractures OUTSIDE BEND= ductility INSIDE BEND= malleability
30
tensile strength | WORKSHOP TEST
- clamp materials of same length & thickness into vice - apply load to unclamped end - see how much material deflects under load/how much load material can bear with least deflection - less deflection = more tensile strength
31
tensile strength | INDUSTRIAL TEST
- test piece clamped into tensometer machine & held at each end w/ clamps - one clamp fixed, other moves (on a worm drive gear mechanism) - as test piece stretched load & distance travelled is plotted - gives info on elastic limit, yield point, max load and final breaking point after 'necking'
32
electrical conductivity | WORKSHOP TEST
- using multimeter - samples have same dimensions - set distance between two ends of the sample is marked (distance = spacing for each probe) - probes placed on distance marks & measure resistance on multimeter - higher resistance = lower conductivity
33
electrical conductivity | INDUSTRIAL TEST
-four-point probe method -4 small diameter wires are stretched parallel to each other across non-conductive polymer block & held in place & connected to copper terminal blocks -2 leads attached to inner wires & 2 to outer wires -outer leads connected to a precise current -inner leads measure voltage drop ohm's law used to calculate resistance
34
thermal conductivity | WORKSHOP TEST
- using a thermometer - thermometer is placed a set distance from one end of the sample - Bunsen burner lit at the other end - time it takes for temperature to reach a set point at the other end of sample is recorded - shorter time = high conductivity
35
thermal conductivity | INDUSRIAL TEST
- using heat flow meter - square-shaped sample placed between 2 temperature controlled plates - temp increased at controlled rate - heat flow through material measured by heat flow sensors on surface of sample
36
bending strength
ability to resist forces that may bend the material
37
shear strength
ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane
38
torsional strength
ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion
39
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | metals
FERROUS- contains iron, magnetic, rusts NON-FERROUS- no iron, non-magnetic, no rust ALLOY- metal made of 2+ metals or 2+ elements of which at least one is a metal, can also be ferrous/non-ferrous
40
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | woods
HARDWOOD- from deciduous trees- slow growing, lose leaves SOFTWOOD- from coniferous trees- fast growing, evergreen MANUFACTURED BOARD- man-made wood-based composite material
41
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | polymers
THERMOPLASTIC- can be reheated and reshaped repeatedly THERMOSETTING- can only be moulded once ELASTOMER- at room temperature can be deformed under pressure then released & return to original shape
42
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | papers and boards
compliant materials: | can be scored, folded, cut with basic tools to form items such as packaging nets
43
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | composites
material comprised of 2+ different materials resulting in material with enhanced properties
44
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | smart materials
material whose physical properties change in response to input/change in environment (eg temperature, light, etc)
45
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | modern materials
material developed through invention of new/improved processes

A Level DT (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions