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A Level DT > 1.2 Performance Characteristics of Materials > Flashcards

1.2 Performance Characteristics of Materials Flashcards

1
Q

layout paper

A

-thin
-translucent
-smooth surface
USES: sketching, tracing, technical drawing

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2
Q

cartridge paper

A

-off-white
-slightly textured surface
USES: sketching, rendering in pencil, ink & pastel

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3
Q

tracing paper

A

-translucent
-slightly thicker than layout
USES: copying images when sketching

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4
Q

bleed-proof paper

A

-similar to cartridge paper but bleed-proof so colours do not run
USES: spirit-based marker rendering

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5
Q

treated paper

A

-plain paper
-w/ clear binder/dye layer applied to help hold image on surface
USES: photographic printing

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6
Q

watercolour paper

A

-available in absorbent, smooth, hot-pressed or cold-pressed

USES: watercolour painting

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7
Q

corrugated card

A

-carton board outer layers
-corrugated middle layer
-ability to protect against impact
-(also good insulator)
USES: protective packaging, model making, prototyping

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8
Q

bleached card

A

-chemically treated to brighten surface to make suitable for high-quality printing
USES: greetings cards, high-quality packaging

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9
Q

mount board

A

-compressed cotton fibres
-rigid board
USES: presenting artwork, modelling, picture mounting

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10
Q

duplex card

A

-2 layers of paper
-exterior coated to make more water resistant
-gives glossy sheen and waxy feel
USES: food packaging (eg juice), disposable cups/plates

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11
Q

foil backed and laminated card

A

-card w/ polymer film/foil applied
-provides water resistant and/or heat insulating layer
USES: drinks packaging, milk cartons, take-away box lids

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12
Q

metal effect card

A

-high quality card w/ thin metal layer on outer surface
-enhanced aesthetics
-can be embossed
USES: gift boxes & packaging, business cards

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13
Q

moulded paper pulp

A

-recycled paper pulp moulded when wet
-dries to specific shape
-smooth on visible inside surface, rough on outer surface
USES: eco-friendly packaging, egg boxes, fruit packaging

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14
Q

foam board

A
  • two outer layers of card with a foam core
    -good impact resistance
    -lightweight
    -rigid
    -flammable
    USES: modelling, presentation boards
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15
Q

fluted PP sheet

A

-extruded sheet w/ corrugations
-lightweight
-not easy to bend against flute, but easy along flutes
-cheap
-UV degradation, flammable
USES: signs, storage box, portfolio cases

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16
Q

translucent PP sheet

A

-extremely tough
-virtually impossible to tear
-can be scored & bent to form hinge
-UV degradation, flammable
USES: packaging, folders

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17
Q

styrofoam

A

-dense closed-cell foam
-often blue
-can be cut, shaped & sanded with standard workshop tools
-variety of densities
-lightweight
-not biodegradable
-not cost effective to recycle
USES: modelling, formers for moulding & laminating

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18
Q

LDPE sheet

A

-very thin, transparent
-tough
-chemical resistance
-flexible
-flammable, not biodegradable, incineration releases harmful gases
USES: food wrapping, bubble wrap, carrier bags

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19
Q

plastazote foam

A

-closed cell polyethylene foam
-tough
-flexible
-impact resistance
-impermeable to liquids
-expensive
-difficult to sand, contracts w/ heat
USES: swimming floats, pipe insulation, props

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20
Q

cellulose acetate

A

-transparent
-glossy
-cellulose is a renewable resource
-biodegradable
-absorbs moisture
-flammable
USES: cosmetics cases, glasses frames, packaging

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21
Q

polyactide (PLA)

A

-biodegradable
-low melting point
-renewable materials
-expensive
-not very hard or tough
USES: medical implants, disposable cutlery, sports wear

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22
Q

softwood

A

-coniferous trees
> do NOT lose leaves
> fast growing
-cheaper

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23
Q

hardwood

A

-deciduous trees
> lose leaves
> slow growing
-expensive

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24
Q

oak

A 
HARDWOOD
-hard & tough
-attractive grain
-weather resistant
-durable
-very heavy
-contains tannic acid (corrodes steel fixings)
-veneers difficult to protect
USES: furniture, flooring, wall coverings
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25
Q

ash

A 
HARDWOOD
-strong, hard & tough
-high elasticity
-low density
-good shock absorption
-not weather resistant
-not suitable for polishing
USES: tool handles, ladders
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26
Q

mahogany

A

HARDWOOD
-v hard
-v attractive (& expensive)
-water & decay resistant
-interlocking grain (+ hardness) = difficult to work with
USES: indoor furniture, musical instruments

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27
Q

teak

A 
HARDWOOD
- strong, hard & tough
-natural oils resist water, acids & alkalis
-durable
-easy to work with
-difficult to glue (natural oils)
-expensive
-blunts tools
USES: outdoor furniture, laboratory benches
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28
Q

birch

A 
HARDWOOD
- hard
-resists warping
-attractive
-resistant to decay
-stains & polishes well
-can crack in dry conditions
USES: indoor panelling, veneers
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29
Q

beech

A 
HARDWOOD
-tough & hard
-does not impart taste to food
-steamed (white), un-steamed (pink)
-polishes well
-odourless
-not suitable for outdoor use (absorbs moisture)
-heavy
USES: chopping boards, tools (mallets)
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30
Q

pine

A 
SOFTWOOD
- lightweight
-cheap
-good elasticity
-attractive
-knotty so difficult to work with
-susceptible to swelling/shrinking
-not weatherproof
USES: roof beams, interior joinery
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31
Q

spruce

A 
SOFTWOOD
- strong & durable
- resistant to splitting
- inexpensive
-lightweight
-prone to disease & insect infestations
-not weather resistant
USES: indoor furniture, contruction
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32
Q

Douglas fir

A

SOFTWOOD
- stable
-good resistance to corrosion & rot
-cheap
-durable, strong & tough
- not very attractive (lacks distinctive grain)
USES: plywood construction, joinery & construction work

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33
Q

larch

A

SOFTWOOD
- hard & tough
-attractive (fades to silver when exposed outdoors)
- slower growing & more expensive than other softwoods
- durable
- decay & fire resistant
- heavy
- high resin content (difficult to work with)
USES: decking, garden furniture

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34
Q

cedar

A 
SOFTWOOD
- can corrode ferrous metals (acidic)
- low density
- good sound dampening
- resistant to moisture
- durable
-attractive
- natural insect repellent
- nice aroma
-decay resistant
-expensive
-soft
USES: exterior cladding, beehives
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35
Q

plywood

A 
MANUFACTURED BOARD
- thin layers of wood placed & glued at 90 deg to each other
-compressed to form board (laminated)
- always odd no. of layers
- strong in all directions
-chemical resistance
-strong & durable
- lightweight
-can be made to whatever size
-edges must be finished
- susceptible to water damage
-glue is carcinogenic
USES: indoor furniture, structural work
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36
Q

marine plywood

A 
MANUFACTURED BOARD
- similar to plywood by gap & void free
- uses water & boil proof glue (gives resistance to moisture)
- some higher quality also resistant to fungal attack
-smooth
-impact resistant
-whatever size
-strong & durable
-edges need to be finished
USES: boat dashboards & panelling
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37
Q

aeroply

A 
MANUFACTURED BOARD
- plywood made from high quality timbre
- v thin sheets
- light, easy to bend around support frame
-strong
-cheap
-whatever size
-durable, pliable, flexible
- difficult to cut
-susceptible to water damage
USES: gliders, jewellery
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38
Q

flexible plywood

A 
MANUFACTURED BOARD
- odd number of layers
-2 outer layers made from open grained timber- allows flex
-bent & glued around former to achieve solid shape
-cheap
-whatever size
-susceptible to water damage
-carcinogenic glue
USES: laminated furniture, curved panels
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39
Q

chipboard

A

MANUFACTURED BOARD
-wood chips compressed with a resin (eg urea formaldehyde
-cheap
-environmentally friendly (uses recycled wood)
-light, hard
-not water resistant
-can be toxic- resin breaks down
-unattractive
USES: kitchen worktops, shelving & flatpack

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40
Q

MDF

medium density fibreboard

A 
MANUFACTURED BOARD
-compressed wood fibres, sometimes urea formaldehyde resin is added
-2 smooth faces
-stiff
-cheaper than ply
-consistent strength
-environmentally friendly (recycled wood)
-easy to cut (no grain)
-whatever size
-weak
-absorbs water
-resin is carcinogenic
-doesn't hold screw well
USES: model/mould making, furniture
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41
Q

rough sawn

A
  • direct from seasoning
  • rough surfaces
  • nominal sizes instead of accurate
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42
Q

PSE

planed square edge

A
  • only one edge is planed accurately
  • the rest are rough sawn
  • removed approx 3mm from original nominal size
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43
Q

PAR

planed all round

A
  • sides and edges are all planed square
  • smooth finish
  • ready to use
  • approx 3mm smaller all round than nominal size
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44
Q

veneer

A

-decorative covering of fine wood (less than 3mm thick) applied to coarser wood/other material

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45
Q

MF laminates

A
  • thin sheets of MF polymer
  • hard, tough, chemical resistant
  • decorative covering for chipboard for kitchen worktops etc
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46
Q

copper ore = ?

A

chalcopyrite

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47
Q

aluminium ore = ?

A

bauxite

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48
Q

tin ore = ?

A

cassiterite

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49
Q

zinc ore = ?

A

zinc blende

50
Q

pure iron

A 
FERROUS
0% carbon
-very soft, can be bent without heating
-malleable, ductile
-magnetic
-easy to shape
-inexpensive
-rusts
USES: wrought iron, used to make alloys/steel
51
Q

low carbon steel

A 
FERROUS- 0.1 - 0.3% carbon
-soft
-malleable, ductile
-high tensile strength
-tough
-poor resistance to corrosion
-easy to weld w/o changing properties
-can bend without breaking
-rusts
-easily scratched, not very strong
USES: cans, car body, nuts & bolts etc
52
Q

medium carbon steel

A 
FERROUS- 0.35 - 0.5% carbon
- harder than low carbon
- less ductile than low carbon
- malleable
- tough
- not as brittle as high carbon
- rusts
USES: springs, gardening tools
53
Q

high carbon steel

A 
FERROUS- 0.5 - 1.5% carbon
- very strong & hard
- stays sharp
- resistant to wear
- can cut low carbon
- can chip
- rusts
- difficult to bend w/o breaking
USES: knives, chains, cutting tools, masonry nails
54
Q

cast iron

A 
FERROUS- 2.5 - 4% carbon
- very brittle
- low tensile strength
- hard outer skin
- good compressive strength
- doesn't rust (contains silicon)
- doesn't soften/distort in hot weather
-doesn't need to be painted
- poor impact resistance
- very heavy
USES: disc brakes, machine parts engine blocks, street furniture (bollards etc)
55
Q

stainless steel

A 
FERROUS ALLOY
- contains chrome & nickel
- tough & hard
- corrosion resistant
- difficult to weld
- expensive
- can be scratched
USES: cutlery & kitchenware, sinks
56
Q

high speed steel

HSS

A

FERROUS ALLOY
- contains tungsten, chromium, vanadium, carbon
- hard & tough
- high level of resistance to frictional heat
USES: tool blades, drill bits, milling cutters, router bits

57
Q

die steel

tool steel

A

FERROUS ALLOY
- hard
- tough
USES: blanking punches & dies, extruder dies, fine press tools

58
Q

molybdenum in steel- uses?

A
  • protects from salt water (which causes chloride cracking)
  • used on boats/yachts
  • provides elasticity & tensile strength
  • used in recumbent bikes
59
Q

aluminium

A 
NON-FERROUS
- malleable & ductile
- good thermal & electrical conductivity
- corrosion resistant
-lightweight
- does not become brittle when exposed to low temps
-recyclable
-tough
-expensive
- needs special processes to weld
USES: aeroplane parts, cans, foil, window frames
60
Q

copper

A 
NON-FERROUS
- highly ductile
- very good electrical & thermal conductivity
- antimicrobial properties
- attractive
- expensive
- oxidises quickly (turns green)
USES: wires & electronics, kitchen pans
61
Q

zinc

A 
NON-FERROUS
- malleable when heated
- moderate conductivity
- heavy
- corrosion resistant (layer of zinc carbonate on surface)
- scratches disappear over time
- attractive
- brittle
- weak
- low toughness
USES: roofing, hot dip galvanising, alloys
62
Q

silver

A 
NON-FERROUS
- ductile, malleable
- excellent conductor of heat & electricity
- high density
- antimicrobial properties
- corrosion & oxidation resistant
- attractive (lustrous)
- expensive
- soft (scratches easily)
USES: chemical catalyst, medical scrubs etc, jewellery
63
Q

gold

A 
NON-FERROUS
- soft (scratches easily)
- ductile & malleable (intricate shapes)
- inert (unreactive)
- good thermal & electrical conductor
- does not tarnish
- very attractive
USES: jewellery, dental work (eg fillings), electronics
64
Q

titanium

A 
NON-FERROUS
- very ductile
- high tensile strength (very strong)
- low electrical & thermal conductivity
- high melting point
- low density (lightweight)
- corrosion resistant
- expensive
- high chemical reactivity
USES: joint replacement, aircraft & spacecraft, bikes, laptops, alloys
65
Q

tin

A 
NON-FERROUS
- lightweight (low density)
- malleable & ductile
- resists corrosion
- cheap
- soft
- low electrical conductivity
- weak
USES: alloys, foil, solders
66
Q

bronze

A 
NON-FERROUS ALLOY
- copper & tin
- highly ductile
- good conductor
- resists corrosion
- attractive
- antimicrobial
- brittle & weak
- soft
- expensive
USES: bearings, sculpture, musical instruments
67
Q

duralumin

A 
NON-FERROUS ALLOY
- aluminium, copper, magnesium & manganese
- hard
- malleable & ductile
- good conductor
- lightweight
- resists corrosion
- strong
- more vulnerable to corrosion (copper oxidises)
USES: aircraft, vehicles
68
Q

brass

A 
NON-FERROUS ALLOY
- copper & zinc
- good conductivity
- low melting point
- malleable & ductile
- casts well
- cheap
- resists corrosion
- antibacterial properties
- prone to tarnishing
- soft (scratches easily)
USES: boat fittings, ornaments, cast valves & taps
69
Q

pewter

A 
NON-FERROUS ALLOY
- mostly tin with copper & antimony
- malleable
- low melting point
- casts well
- cheap
- does not tarnish easily
- soft
- few practical uses (most decorative)
USES: tankards, flasks, goblets, candlesticks, trophies
70
Q

advantages of alloys over pure metals?

A
  • less expensive (uses small amounts of pure metals)
  • properties can be manipulated (eg add more copper to increase conductivity)
  • usually stronger (atomic structure > more difficult for different sized atoms to slide past each other)
71
Q

structure of polymers?

A

many chains of monomers linked together by
> weak intermolecular bonds (van de Waals)- THERMOPLASTICS
> covalent bonds (cross-links)- THERMOSETTING

72
Q

difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting?

A

THERMOPLASTICS
> can be melted & reshaped again and again- recyclable

THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
> cannot be reheated & reshaped- molecules for cross-links- non-recyclable

73
Q

LDPE

low density polyethylene

A 
THERMOPLASTIC
- very tough
- good chemical resistance
- weatherproof
- low rigidity
- some non-recyclable
- not as resistant to UV as HDPE
USES: squeeze detergent bottles, toys, carrier bags, food wrap film, packaging
74
Q

HDPE

high density polyethylene

A 
THERMOPLASTIC
- weatherproof
- tough
- good chemical resistance
- easy to mould
- less flexible than LDPE
- flammable
- difficult to bond
USES: chemical drums, jerry cans, toys, bag for life, buckets
75
Q

PP

polypropylene

A 
THERMOPLASTIC
- good chemical & fatigue resistance
- tough
- excellent impact resistance
USES: rope, folders, folio cases, food containers, medical equipment
76
Q

HIPS (high impact polystyrene)

A

THERMOPLASTIC
- cheap (widely used)
- tough
- good impact resistance
- easily machined
- reduced electrical properties, increased moisture resistance
USES: yoghurt pots, fridge lining, plastic cups, toilet seats

77
Q

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)

A 
THERMOPLASTIC
- tough
- excellent impact resistance
- chemical resistant
- hard
- only opaque, poor weathering
USES: phone handsets, domestic appliances, casings for electronics
78
Q

acrylic (polymethylmethacrylate) (PMMA)

A

THERMOPLASTIC
- tough, hard
- good chemical & weather resistance (durable)
- can be polished to glossy finish
- stiff
brittle, scratches easily
USES: car light casings, laser cut items, lighting units

79
Q

nylon

A

THERMOPLASTIC
- tough
- corrosion resistant
- good temperature resistance
- low coefficient of friction
- high shrinkage when moulded, lack of stability
USES: bearings, textiles, cable ties, gears

80
Q

rigid polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)

A 
THERMOLASTIC
- rigid, opaque
- tough, hard
- good weathering & chemical resistance
- attacked by solvents, easily cracked
USES: window frames, external doors, bank cards, gutters
81
Q

flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

THERMOPLASTIC
- tough, flexible
- good weathering & chemical resistance
- can be translucent
- easily scratched, becomes brittle under UV light (stabilisers needed)
USES: hose pipes, cable insulation, inflatable products, imitation leather

82
Q

urea formaldehyde

A 
THERMOSET
- low cost
- easy to use
- microorganisms & abrasion resistant
- hard
- good electrical insulator
- heat & water resistant
- brittle
- limited shelf life, carcinogenic
USES: electrical fittings, adhesives, plywood & manufactured boards
83
Q

melamine formaldehyde

A 
THERMOSET
- hard, tough
- shrinking & heat resistant
- easily coloured
- resistant to solvents
- self-extinguishing
- stain resistant, food safe
- affected by concentrated acids & alkalis, not microwave safe
USES: picnic ware, decorative laminates, buttons
84
Q

polyester resin

A

THERMOSET
- rigid
- heat & chemical resistant
- cheap
- brittle
- gives off toxic fumes, strong odour, difficult to mix with other resins
USES: castings, lay up process, car parts

85
Q

epoxy resin

A

THERMOSET
- moisture & chemical resistant
- impact resistant
- rigid, clear, hard, tough
- yellows when exposed to sunlight, prone to trapping air bubbles
USES: adhesives, crafts, encapsulation of electrical components, pacemakers, aerospace

86
Q

foamant

A

ADDITIVE

- increase volume & elasticity

87
Q

fillers

A

ADDITVE

  • improves strength
  • decreases cost
  • adds bulk
  • usually mineral based
88
Q

stabilisers

A

ADDITIVE

  • prevent/decrease rate of degradation
  • increases lifespan
89
Q

CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced plastic)

A 
COMPOSITE
- carbon fibres mix with polyester resin
- light
- corrosion resistant
- tough, hard
- low thermal expansion
- good compressive strength
- very expensive
- cannot be fixed if dented/cracked
- poor impact resistance
USES: sports equipment, prosthetics, racing car bodies, fishing rods
90
Q

GRP (glass reinforced plastic)

A 
COMPOSITE
- glass fibres mixed with polyester resin
- light
- corrosion resistant
- tough, hard
- low thermal expansion
- good compressive strength
- brittle, poor rigidity & stiffness
USES: boat hulls, pond liner, kayaks, sports car bodies
91
Q

tungsten carbide

A

COMPOSITE
- cermet (mixture of ceramic & metal particles)
- ceramic tungsten & cobalt metal
- hard, tough
- high temperature & corrosion resistant
- brittle
- low tensile strength, difficult to sharpen
USES: cutting tools (drill bits etc), lathe tool tips, kitchen knives, rings

92
Q

aluminium composite board

A

COMPOSITE
- aluminium sheets with polyethylene core
- light
- rigid, tough
- malleable
- good thermal & sound insulation
- good vibration damping
- not waterproof
- low fire resistance
- low resistance to UV (fade & lose shine)
USES: soundproofing in cars, buildings etc, signs

93
Q

concrete

A 
COMPOSITE
- cement powder, sand, aggregate particles, water
- high compressive strength
- few surface defects
- easy to mould
- low tensile strength, low toughness
- long curing time
- high weight compared to strength
USES: pathways, beams, driveways, house foundations
94
Q

reinforced concrete

A 
COMPOSITE
- cement powder, sand, aggregate particles, low carbon steel rods, water
- high compressive & tensile strength
- consistent across structure
- fire resistant
- expensive
- shrinkage
- requires formwork until hardens
- very heavy
USES: buildings, bridge piles & spans, grid floors
95
Q

fibre cement

A

COMPOSITE
- cement powder, sand, aggregate particles, steel/polymer fibres, water
- lighter than reinforced concrete
- hard, tough
- good at low temperatures & freeze thaw weathering
- expensive
- uneven distribution of fibres
- steel fibres can corrode
- heavy
USES: suspended floors, pathways, complex geometric shapes

96
Q

engineered wood (glulam)

A 
COMPOSITE
- timbre laminates anf MF adhesive
- good aesthetics
- natural alternative to reinforced concrete
- more lightweight than concrete
- fire resistant
- good structural stability
- corrosion proof
- susceptible to scratches & dents
- not moisture resistant
- expensive
USES: beams, bridges, domes, arches, rafters
97
Q

natural rubber (polyisoprene)

A

ELASTOMER
- high tensile strength
- low elongation
- hard, tough
- electrical insulator
- cold, water, certain chemicals resistance
- resistant to fatigue from cutting, chipping, tearing
- very flexible
- not as effective at resisting heat, light, ozone as other rubbers
- expensive
- grows naturally
- has to be exported (global warming)
USES: tyres, tubes, hoses, gaskets, balloons, footwear

98
Q

butadiene rubber

A 
ELASTOMER
- synthetic
- tough
- excellent wear & thermal resistance against friction
- electrical insulator
- abrasion resistant
- poor chemical & oil resistance
USES: tyres, shoe soles, conveyor belts, pneumatic hoses
99
Q

neoprene (polychloroprene rubber)

A

ELASTOMER
- synthetic
- good thermal, oil, chemical, weather & abrasion resistance
- tough
- electrical insulator
- expensive compared to alternatives with similar/better properties
- absorbs water
- poor resistance to oxidising acids, hydrocarbons, esters and ketones
USES: wetsuits, laptop cases, shock absorber seals

100
Q

silicone

A 
ELASTOMER
- synthetic
- good flexibility at low temperatures
- poor abrasion resistance
- good thermal, temperature extremes and weather resistance
- good lubricating qualities
- flame retardant
- excellent tensile strength
USES: bake wear, cooking utensils, fridge seals, mould making, medical lubricant for prosthetics, tubing for drug delivery system
101
Q

corn starch polymer

A

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- natural
- high starch vegetables (corn, potatoes, maize)
USES: packaging, straws, disposable cutlery, bags, takeaway containers

102
Q

potatopak

A

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- natural
- potato starch
USES: single use food items (bowls, cutlery, serviettes), packing peanuts, bin bags

103
Q

biopol (bio-batch additive)

A

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- natural
- bacteria grown in cultures
- additive which promotes degradation, added to thermoplastics
USES: film, carrier bags, vending cups, nappies, surgical stitches, pill coverings

104
Q

polylactic acid (PLA)

A

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- synthetic
- corn kernels/cane sugar fermented to produce lactic acid then synthesised to produce PLA
USES: packaging, single-use bottles, carrier bags, plant pots, nappies, 3D printing

105
Q

polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)

A 
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- natural
- bacteria grown in cultures
- fully compostable
USES: packaging, slow release medication patches, film, screws & bone plates
106
Q

lactide

A 
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- synthetic
- fully compostable, water soluble
- PLA & cellulose based
USES: biomedical applications, slow-release medication, bone repair fixings, detergent washing sachets
107
Q

glycolide (lactel & ecofilm)

A 
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
- synthetic
- fully compostable
- PLA & cellulose based
USES: food film, bags, packaging wrap, bin bags, agricultural ground sheet, flower wrap
108
Q

synthetic bio-polymers (def)

A

made from renewable sources but chemically engineered (synthesised) to break down more quickly

109
Q

oxy-degradable polymer (def)

A
  • polymer breaks down when exposed to oxygen

- length of time for polymer to degrade can be ‘programmed’- few months - few years

110
Q

photodegradable polymer (def)

A
  • breaks down when exposed to UV light
111
Q

hydro-degradable polymer (def)

A
  • breaks down when exposed to water

- degrade more quickly than oxygen-degradable

112
Q

kevlar

A 
MODERN MATERIAL
- woven fibre
- flexible
- very difficult to cut
- strong, durable, light
- heat resistant
- very high tensile strength
- absorbent
- poor compressive strength
- special tool needed to cut & piece it
USES: body armour, aerospace, puncture resistant tyres
113
Q

precious metal clay

A

MODERN MATERIAL
- clay consistency made up of metal particles
- easy to mould
- inexpensive compared to solid metals
- fragile (like ceramics)
USES: jewellery, sculptures, decorative items

114
Q

high density modelling foam

A 
MODERN MATERIAL
- polyurethane close-cell foam blocks/sheets
- lightweight
- easy to work with using traditional wood working tools (CNC, sands easily- allow creation of intricate shapes & forms)
- absorbent
- releases toxic fumes
- flammable
USES: 3D modelling, prototypes
115
Q

polymorph

A

MODERN MATERIAL
- polymer granules that become mouldable at 60 degrees
- can be heated in water/with a hair dryer
- can be reheated & reformed
- easy to work with, light weight
- can be drilled & cut when cool
- can be used in mould/to create mould
- will stick to silicone & other plastics
USES: modelling, creating ergonomic shapes, moulds

116
Q

shape memory alloy (SMA) (eg nitinol)

A

SMART MATERIAL
- changes shape in response to change in temperature or electrical input
USES: dental braces, self-closing windows, aeroplane wing flaps

117
Q

thermochromic pigment

A

SMART MATERIAL
- changes colour in response to temperature change
USES: thermometers, colour change mugs, food packaging, baby feeding spoons, battery charge indicator strips

118
Q

phosphorescent pigment

A

SMART MATERIAL
- absorbs light energy during the day & re-emits it when it is dark
USES: fire exit signs, glow in the dark products, night lights, watch hands, compass points

119
Q

photochromic pigment

A

SMART MATERIAL
- changes colour with light intensity
USES: welding goggles, reactive spectacles, security markers

120
Q

electroluminescent wire

A

SMART MATERIAL
- thin copper wire coated in phosphorescent material that glows in response to an alternating current
USES: glow bracelets, interweaving for clothing, home decoration, outdoor decorative lighting

121
Q

piezoelectric material

A

SMART MATERIAL
- gives off small electrical charge when deformed
- increases in size when an electrical current is passed through it
USES: airbag sensors, barbecue lighters, musical greetings cards, vibration damping in tennis rackets, pressure sensors

A Level DT (21 decks)

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