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A Level DT > 1.7 Digital Design and Manufacture > Flashcards

1.7 Digital Design and Manufacture Flashcards

1
Q

CAD (definition)

A

Computer Aided Design

- the use of computer to software to draw, design and model on screen

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2
Q

CAM (definition)

A

Computer Aided Manufacture

- the use of computer-controlled equipment to machine materials

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3
Q

CNC (definition)

A

Computer Numerically Controlled

- a program, converted from CAD files, which uses special codes to control CAM equipment

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4
Q

advantages of CAD (8)

A
  • designs easily altered
  • designs easily saved & recalled
  • designs can be emailed
  • photorealistic renderings possible
  • stress testing can be done before manufacture
  • faster to draw complex shapes
  • parts of designs can easily be reused
  • designs can be simulated to judge ease of manufacture
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5
Q

disadvantages of CAD (7)

A
  • software can be expensive
  • security risk of hacking
  • computer memory etc needs updating as as software improves
  • can be complex to learn
  • not all software is compatible
  • requires regular updates
  • data can be lost (eg power cuts)
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6
Q

advantages of CAM (5)

A
  • faster than traditional machine tools
  • products can be repeated accurately
  • can produce work directly from CAD file
  • more accurate than traditional manufacture
  • machinery can operate 24/7
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7
Q

disadvantages of CAM (5)

A
  • manufacture technicians need training
  • less employment
  • data can be lost (eg power cuts)
  • machinery is expensive
  • specialist engineers required for maintenance & repair
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8
Q

CNC router

A
  • 2D & 3D drawings can be uploaded

- used to cut sheet materials that are too thick for a laser cutter

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9
Q

CNC miller

A
  • similar to router
  • can be fitted with different tools to drill holes/cut slots/shape surfaces
  • bed can move on X & Y axis
  • cutter can also be moved on Z axis (vary depth of cutting
  • 5 axis machines can also angle the cutting head & bed
  • can often change tools automatically
  • used for: metals (eg aluminium), polymers (eg ABS, nylon), foam, timbers, composites
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10
Q

CNC lathe

A
  • usually used to machine metal rods, polymers & timbre
  • can be used to reduce diameter or more complex precess (eg threading, boring)
  • can change tools automatically
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11
Q

laser cutter

A
  • high energy laser beam cuts/vapourises material
  • compressed gas/air blows away waste material
  • 2D CAD drawings downloaded to the laser cutter and converted into a CNC file
  • laser moves on X & Y axis
  • used for: wood, plastic (<9mm sheet material)
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12
Q

plotter cutter

A
  • converts 2D CAD file to CNC file and uses X & Y coordinates to cut out file
  • usually pulls sheet material in & out of machine (Y axis) while cutter moves on X axis
  • used for: thin sheet materials (eg vinyl)
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13
Q

advantages of CNC (5)

A
  • more accurate (no human error)
  • faster (less time to set up machinery, tools change automatically)
  • increased safety (machines supervised not operated- more guards)
  • more cost effective (less training, less workers, more products)
  • more complex products can be produced (increased accuracy)
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14
Q

disadvantages of CNC (5)

A
  • workers lose jobs
  • very high initial cost
  • high maintenance cost (specialist needed)
  • if one machine breaks it can hold up the whole production line
  • skills to operate machines lost
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15
Q

key differences of laser cutting vs other CNC machines

A
  • uses laser not blades
  • more precise & faster
  • does not come into contact w/ material- tool not worn down/blunted
  • BUT cannot cut thick material
  • requires more power
  • more expensive
  • release dangerous fumes
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16
Q

advantages of rapid prototyping (3)

A
  • very fast (can produce realistic models directly from CAD file)
  • cheap (low running cost)
  • little waste (addition process not wasting process)
17
Q

main type of 3D printing

A
  • stereolithography (.stl)
18
Q

advantages of EPoS (electronic point of sale) (7)

A
  • quicker to use (prices not entered manually)
  • keep track of stock automatically
  • employee work rate tracked & daily evaluated
  • more accurate
  • itemised bill = less mistakes
  • does calculations automatically (quicker, less errors)
  • can read credit cards
19
Q

implications/disadvantages of EPoS (5)

A
  • expensive to invest in/set up
  • software needs regular maintenance/updating
  • employees need additional training
  • initial set up can be time consuming (input every product)
  • software needs updating for improved features (and for provider to maintain competitive edge)
20
Q

virtual modelling

A
  • test products before manufacture
  • model can be put into a simulated environment of how it will be used
  • eg engine components can be connected to other components & tested
  • simulate manufacture
  • plan production line
21
Q

FEA

A
  • finite element analysis
  • carry out components stress analysis
  • simulate vibration, shock loads etc
  • highlights potential weaknesses before manufacture
  • saves time & money on physical prototypes & testing
22
Q

CFD

A
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • simulate flow of fluids & gases in/around a product
  • saves time & money on prototypes & testing eg specialist wind tunnels/wave tanks
  • eg test aerodynamics of a car
23
Q

JiT (definition)

A
  • Just in Time
  • production method that relies on materials & components being delivered to the point of manufacture just in time for production
24
Q

disadvantages of keeping large amounts of stock (2)

A
  • takes up lots of space (costly)

- may over stock leading to waste of materials & money

25
Q

2 key factors needed for JiT to work?

A
  • components MUST arrive on time

- components MUST be ordered when needed

26
Q

master production schedule (MPS) (definition)

A

plan used to determine how many products will be made in a given time period

27
Q

kanban (definition)

A

system used to control the movement of materials & components from suppliers & through the factory

28
Q

RFID (radio frequency identification) tags (definition)

A

small electronic devices that can be scanned & used to track items as they move through the factory & to dispatch

29
Q

AGVs (automatic guided vehicles) (definition)

A

robots, similar to forklifts, used to transport items around the factory

30
Q

disadvantages of JiT (3)

A
  • if components are delayed whole production line held up, time frame of production reliant on speed of suppliers
  • if stock is not kept track of properly risk of running out
  • requires more planning
31
Q

kanban (explain)

A
  • controls flow & movement of materials & components through factory
  • small consumable items kept in bins marked with a barcode, each time a bin is used the barcode is scanned and more parts are ordered

A Level DT (21 decks)

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