29: Adjective Variations Flashcards
ἀληθής, -ές
true; genuine
ἔξω
out(side) (adverb); + gen., out of
ἔτι
still, yet
μακάριος, -α, -ον
blessed
μᾶλλον
more; rather
πολλῷ μάλλον
all the more; much more
μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα
great; large
μείζων, μεῖζον
greater; larger (comparative of μέγας)
πάλιν
again
πλείων, πλεῖον
more; greater (most) (comparative of πολύς)
πολύς, πολλή, πολύ
much, many; often
πρεσβύτερος, -α, -ον
older, elder (comparative of πρέσβυς)
γεννητός, -ή, -όν
born
νεός, -ή, -όν
young
Recite μέγας (Masculine) Paradigm
Recite μεγάλη (Feminine) Paradigm
Recite μἐγα (Neuter) Paradigm
Recite πολύς (Masculine) Paradigm
Recite πολλἠ (Feminine) Paradigm
Recite πολύ (Neuter) Paradigm
Recite Third Declension Comparative Adjective Paradigm
Recite Vowel Stem Adjective Paradigm
What are the adjective degrees? (3)
- Positive (“good”)
- Comparative (“better”)
- Superlative (“best”)
In what two ways can you form a comparative adjective?
- By attaching the Third Declension Comparative Adjective Paradigm to the adjective stem
- Attaching the endings -τερος, -τερα, -τερον to the positive degree form, like πρεσβύ_τερος._
χείρων
worse (comparative of κακός)
κρείσσων or κρείττων
better (comparative of ἀγαθός/καλός)
ἀσθενής
weak
(ἀσθενέσ_τερος_, weaker)
εὔκοπος
easy
(εὐκοπώ_τερος_, weaker)
ἰσχυρός
strong
(ἰσχυρό_τερος_, stronger)
μικρός
small
(μικρό_τερος_, smaller)
νεός
new, young
(νεώ_τερος_, newer, younger)
περισσός
abundant
(περισσότερος, more abundant)
πονηρός
wicked
(πονηρότερος, more wicked)
σοφός
wise
(σοφώτερος, wiser)
What three uses do comparative adjectives have?
The same three uses as regular adjectives.
- Attributive
(ὀ μείζων ἄνθρωπος, “the greater man”
- Predicate
(αὐτὸ μεῖζων ἐστίν, “It is greater”)
- Substantive
(ἡ μείζων, “the greater (woman)”)
What two ways can be used in Greek to express comparison?
- The particle ἤ, signifying “than”. Here the thing compared is put into the same case as the comparative adjective.
(αὐτός ἐστιν μείζων ἤ ἐγώ, “He is greater than I”)
- Using the Genitive of Comparison - where the thing compared is expressed in the genitive case. Translated “than” rather than “of”
(αὐτός ἐστιν μείζων τοῦ δούλου, He is greater than the slave”)
What two ways can be used to form the superlative degree?
- Recognizing the formal similarity with the English superlative
(ὕψ_ιστ_ος, highest)
- Attaching the suffix -τατος to the positive degree form
(ἅγιος > ἁγιό_τατος_, holiest)
What is the adverbial accusative?
Neuter Accusative Singular adjectives that are used to describe a verb. Also true for comparative adjectives:
(μείζον, “in a greater way”)