15: Middle and Passive Verbs Flashcards
ἐπερωτάω
I ask; I question
ζάω
I live, am alive (sometimes deponent in the future)
θεωρέω
I look at, gaze
παρακαλέω
I exhort; I comfort, console (Paraclete)
προσεύχομαι
I pray
προσκυνέω
I worship, bow before
ὑπάγω
I pass by, depart
λαός, ὁ
people, nation
ἄρχων, ἄρχοντος, ὁ
ruler
εἰς τοῦτο
“for this reason”
νίπτω
I wash
νῦν
now
πορνεία, ἡ
adultery, fornication
ταράσσω
I stir up; cause distress
Recite Future Passive Indicative Paradigm
Recite First Aorist Passive Indicative Paradigm
How do you get middle/passive verb meanings?
By using deponent endings in -ω verbs
Where is the difference between deponent and middle/passive paradigms?
In Future and First Aorists.
Present, Imperfect and Perfect paradigms are used by both deponent and middle/passive forms.
What distinguishes the Future Passive Indicative forms?
The -θησ- formation added at the end of the stem.
Endings are deponent.
λυ-θησ-ομαι
What distinguishes the First Aorist Passive Indicative form?
- An augment
- A stem with theta-eta (θη) appended
- Secondary ending elements
ε-λυ-θη-ν
In middle/passive aorist -ζω type verbs, what replaces the ζ?
A sigma.
εβαπτι_σ_θην “I was baptized”
What happens with Contract verbs in the First Aorist Passive forms?
They lengthen the contract vowel.
εποι_η_θη “it was done”
What about Second Aorist middle/passives?
They are not many. The ones that exist are similar to the First Aorist but they drop the stem’s theta. (-θ-)
What is the difference between transitive verbs and intransitive verbs?
A transitive verb is completed by a direct object
“The children play a game”
An intransitive verb places the subject as performing and receiving the action.
“The children play.”
What is a stative verb and how is it conveyed in greek?
Verbs that communicate a state of being.
Sometimes they are conveyed by a simple verb.
ζω “I am alive”
What verbs besides ειμι have the same meaning of existence?
- γινομαι
- υπαρχω
Who receives the action of the passive verb?
The subject (in the nominative case)
Which preposition is used when the object of the passive verb is expressed?
υπο + gen.
“… by the Lord”
How can you tell the difference between the middle/passive voice if they are identical with the deponents?
If the lexical form ends with -ω, then it is middle/passive.
If the lexical form ends with -ομαι then it is deponent.
