15: Middle and Passive Verbs

Question 1

ἐπερωτάω

Answer 1

I ask; I question

Question 2

ζάω

Answer 2

I live, am alive (sometimes deponent in the future)

Question 3

θεωρέω

Answer 3

I look at, gaze

Question 4

παρακαλέω

Answer 4

I exhort; I comfort, console (Paraclete)

Question 5

προσεύχομαι

Answer 5

I pray

Question 6

προσκυνέω

Answer 6

I worship, bow before

Question 7

ὑπάγω

Answer 7

I pass by, depart

Question 8

λαός, ὁ

Answer 8

people, nation

Question 9

ἄρχων, ἄρχοντος, ὁ

Answer 9

ruler

Question 10

εἰς τοῦτο

Answer 10

“for this reason”

Question 11

νίπτω

Answer 11

I wash

Question 12

νῦν

Answer 12

now

Question 13

πορνεία, ἡ

Answer 13

adultery, fornication

Question 14

ταράσσω

Answer 14

I stir up; cause distress

Question 15

Recite Future Passive Indicative Paradigm

Answer 15

Question 16

Recite First Aorist Passive Indicative Paradigm

Answer 16

Question 17

How do you get middle/passive verb meanings?

Answer 17

By using deponent endings in -ω verbs

Question 18

Where is the difference between deponent and middle/passive paradigms?

Answer 18

In Future and First Aorists.

Present, Imperfect and Perfect paradigms are used by both deponent and middle/passive forms.

Question 19

What distinguishes the Future Passive Indicative forms?

Answer 19

The -θησ- formation added at the end of the stem.

Endings are deponent.

λυ-θησ-ομαι

Question 20

What distinguishes the First Aorist Passive Indicative form?

Answer 20

1. An augment
2. A stem with theta-eta (θη) appended
3. Secondary ending elements

ε-λυ-θη-ν

Question 21

In middle/passive aorist -ζω type verbs, what replaces the ζ?

Answer 21

A sigma.

εβαπτι_σ_θην “I was baptized”

Question 22

What happens with Contract verbs in the First Aorist Passive forms?

Answer 22

They lengthen the contract vowel.

εποι_η_θη “it was done”

Question 23

What about Second Aorist middle/passives?

Answer 23

They are not many. The ones that exist are similar to the First Aorist but they drop the stem’s theta. (-θ-)

Question 24

What is the difference between transitive verbs and intransitive verbs?

Answer 24

A transitive verb is completed by a direct object

“The children play a game”

An intransitive verb places the subject as performing and receiving the action.

“The children play.”

Question 25

What is a stative verb and how is it conveyed in greek?

Answer 25

Verbs that communicate a state of being.

Sometimes they are conveyed by a simple verb.

ζω “I am alive”

Question 26

What verbs besides ειμι have the same meaning of existence?

Answer 26

1. γινομαι
2. υπαρχω

Question 27

Who receives the action of the passive verb?

Answer 27

The subject (in the nominative case)

Question 28

Which preposition is used when the object of the passive verb is expressed?

Answer 28

υπο + gen.

“… by the Lord”

Question 29

How can you tell the difference between the middle/passive voice if they are identical with the deponents?

Answer 29

If the lexical form ends with -ω, then it is middle/passive.

If the lexical form ends with -ομαι then it is deponent.