25: Imperative Mood Verbs

Question 1

ἕκαστος, -η, -ον

Answer 1

each

Question 2

ἐνώπιον

Answer 2

in the presence of, before (prep. + genitive)

Question 3

ἐπαγγελία, ἡ

Answer 3

promise

Question 4

ἤ

Answer 4

or; than (ἤ… ἤ, “either… or”)

Question 5

κἀγώ

Answer 5

and I; even I (καί + ἐγώ; used for emphasis)

Question 6

μέν

Answer 6

and (μέν… δέ, “on the other hand… on the other hand)

Question 7

μηδέ

Answer 7

nor, and not (μηδέ… μηδέ, “neither… nor”)

*with non-indicative mood verbs

Question 8

οὐδέ

Answer 8

nor, and not (οὐδέ… οὐδέ, “neither… nor”)

Question 9

ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τό

Answer 9

water

Question 10

χάρις, χάριτος, ἡ

Answer 10

grace, favor (irregular accusative singular: χάριν)

Question 11

διακονἐω

Answer 11

I serve

Question 12

εἰσφέρω

Answer 12

I lead into

Question 13

μηκέτι

Answer 13

no longer

Question 14

μιμητής, οῦ, ὁ

Answer 14

imitator

Question 15

μωρός, -ά, -όν

Answer 15

foolish

Question 16

πειρασμός, ὁ

Answer 16

temptation

Question 17

πλανάω

Answer 17

I deceive

Question 18

ῥύομαι

Answer 18

I rescue, deliver

Question 19

σοφός, -ή, -όν

Answer 19

wise

Question 20

ὑπηρέτης, -οῦ, ὁ

Answer 20

servant

Question 21

Recite Present Active Imperative Paradigm

Answer 21

Question 22

Recite Present Middle/Passive/Deponent Imperative Paradigm

Answer 22

Question 23

Recite First Aorist Active Imperative Paradigm

Answer 23

Question 24

Recite First Aorist Passive/Deponent Imperative

Answer 24

Question 25

Recite First Aorist Middle/Deponent Imperative

Answer 25

Question 26

πεφίμωσο

Answer 26

Be quiet! (perfect imperative from φιμόω)

Question 27

ἔρρωσθε

Answer 27

Farewell (perfect imperative from ῥώννυμαι)

Question 28

Does the meaning of the aorist deponent imperative change if it is with a middle paradigm rather than a passive one?

Answer 28

No. As we found with participles and subjunctives, it doesn’t change its meaning.

both πορεύθητι and πορεύσαι mean “go”

Question 29

What similarity is there between the present imperative and indicative moods?

Answer 29

The second person plural is the same. (λύετε or πορεύεσθε)

Only the context will determine which mood was intended.

If the expression is negative, different particles will be used, ex. οὐ λύετε (indicative) or μὴ λύετε (imperative)

Question 30

How do you get imperatives with irregular verbs (contract, second aorists, and liquid verbs)?

Answer 30

They attach the imperative endings for the paradigm word λύω to their own appropriate stems. (just like participles and subjunctive forms)

Question 31

How do you translate the present imperative?

Answer 31

1. The present imperative - a command to be practiced as a general practice. Not necessarily continuously.
   (ex. μὴ κρίνετε, “Do not judge (and you will not be judged)” as a general practice.

Question 32

How do you translate the aorist imperative?

Answer 32

2. The aorist imperative - a request or command given for a specific ocasion.
   (ex. κρίνατε αυτόν, “You judge him (according to your law)” Pilate telling the jews to conduct a specific trial.)

Question 33

κλαίω

Answer 33

I weep

Question 34

ἀδιαλείπτως

Answer 34

Continuously (adverb)

Question 35

What is a Prohibitory Subjunctive?

Answer 35

The aorist imperatives are not used for prohibitions with μή. Rather, you use a second person aorist subjunctive.

(ex. μή λύσῃς)

*The Prohibitory Subjunctive is found only in an aorist, negative command.

Question 36

What is a Hortatory Subjunctive?

Answer 36

When the first person plural subjunctive is used is used to exhort a group that includes the speaker. It is translated with “Let us”

(ex. άγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους, “Let us love one another”)

*The Hortatory Subjunctive is found only in the first person plural subjunctive in an independent clause (without ἵνα, ἐάν, κτλ.)