19: Present Participles Flashcards
κράζω
I shout, cry out
(irregular future: κράξω;
irregular aorist: έκραξα)
φέρω
I bear, carry
(irregular future: οίσω,
irregular aorist: ήνεγκα)
ἀρχή, ἡ
beginning
ζωή, ἡ
life
ἡμέρα, ἡ
day
νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ
night
οὐρανός, ὁ
heaven
στόμα, στόματος, τό
mouth
γραφή, ἡ
Scripture, writing
ἐραυνάω
I search, examine
θύρα, ἡ
door
λύκος, ὁ
wolf
μή
not
ποιμήν, ποιμένος, ὁ
shepherd
σημεῖον, τό
sign
Recite Present Participle Masculine Paradigm
Recite Present Participle Feminine Paradigm
Recite Present Participle Neuter Paradigm
Recite εἰμι Masculine Present Participle Paradigm
Recite εἰμι Feminine Present Participle Paradigm
Recite εἰμι Neuter Present Participle Paradigm
What are participles?
Hybrid forms which share features of both verbs and adjectives.
How do you parse participles?
Tense
Voice
Mood (Ptc replaces Indicative)
Gender
Case
Number
How are Present Participles translated?
- In English: with the “-ing” suffix.
(ex. “the living God”, “the watching world”) - In Adjectival Use (Attributive and Substantive position): with English relative cause “who”
(ex. ὁ ἀγαπων υἱός, “the son who loves” [attributive]
ὁ ἀγαπων, “the one who loves” [substantive])
- In Adverbial Use (Predicate Position): using “while”, “when” or “as”.
(ex. ἀκούοντες δέ ταυτα διεπρίοντο, “And when they heard these things they became enraged”)
What voices can Present Participles have?
They can also have active or middle/passive voice no mater if they are in adjectival or adverbial use.
How is tense understood in Present Participles?
- In Adjectival Use, the event is generally occurring.
(ex. ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην, “the one who practices righteousness” [at any point in time]) - In Adverbial Use, is contemporaneous with the time of the main verb.
(ex. βλεπει (present) σχιζομένους τοὺς οὐρανους, “He sees the heavens as they are being open”)