22: Subjunctive Mood Verbs Flashcards
ἀμήν
truly (amen)
ἄν
(not usually translated; indefinite particle) “ever”
ἐάν
if, if ever (combination of εἰ and ἄν)
ἐὰν μή
unless; if not
ἕως
until; while (adverb); as prep. + gen. to, until
ἵνα
in order that; that
ὅπου
where
ὅπου ἄν or ὅπου ἐάν
wherever, whenever
ὅπως
in order that; that
ὅταν
when, whenever (from ὅτε + ἅν)
ὅτε
when
οὕτως
so, thus, in this way (adverb from οὗτος + ὡς)
ὡς
as; like (with numbers: “about”, “approximately”)
πῶς
how?
τέρας, τέρατος, τό
wonder, miracle
Recite Present Active Subjunctive
Recite Present Middle/Passive and Deponent Subjunctive
Recite Aorist Active Subjunctive
Recite First Aorist Middle/Deponent Subjunctive
Recite First Aorist Passive/Deponent Subjunctive
What are the irregular verb patterns we have seen until now?
- Contract Verbs
- Second Aorists
- Liquid Verbs
Recite Subjunctive forms of ἐιμί
What does the subjunctive mood express?
An indefinite event whose agent, object, time, condition being met, etc. is not expressed or left open.
What are the 4 most important uses of the subjunctive mood and their helping clauses?
- Purpose or Result Clauses (ἵνα, ὅπως)
- Future Condition (ἐάν, έάν μή)
- Indefinite Temporal Clause (ὅταν)
- Emphatic Negation (οὐ μή)
Use of Purpose or Result Clauses (ἵνα, ὅπως)
Expresses the purpose (intended result) or, less often, the actual result of the main clause.
(ex. ἴνα μαρτυρήσῃ, “in order that he might testify”)
Use of Future Condition (ἐάν, έάν μή)
When the writer does not want to specify who will meet the condition or whether it will be met.
(ex. ἐάν τις τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον τηρήσῃ, “If anyone keeps my word”)
Use of Indefinite Temporal Clause (ὅταν)
To make a statement similar to a conditional clause, yet with an indefinite time element.
(ex. ὅταν γάρ ἀσθενῶ, “For whenever I am weak”)
Use of Emphatic Negation (οὐ μή)
Following οὐ μή, the subjunctive strongly denies that a future action or state will occur.
(ex. οὐ μή θεωρήσῃ, “he will never see”)
