27 morph Flashcards
inflamm and demyelination of spinal n. roots and peripheral nn. (radiculoneuropathy)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
ab and t cell response
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Chronic Inflamm. Demyelinating Poly(radiculo)neuropathy
Recurrent demyelination, remyelination, and Schwann cell proliferation that leads to onion bulbs
Chronic Inflamm. Demyelinating Poly(radiculo)neuropathy
=excessive prolif=Schwann cells wrap around an axon like layers of an onion
fibrosis/thickening of endo/perineural sheath
- lepromatous leprosy
- tuberculoid leprosy
Tomaculi: Swollen, bulbous myelin sheaths at the end of internodes.
Hereditary Neuropathy with Pressure Palsy
perifascicular atrophy
dermatomyositis
Tubuloreticular endothelial cell inclusions (type I IFN response).
dermatomyositis
Abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions (rimmed vacuoles)
Inclusion Body Myositis
Aggregation of whorled, lamellar membranous structures (curvilinear bodies).
Toxic Myopathies (progressive m weakness)
- Chronic mm. damage outpaces the repair capacity.
- Segmental myofiber degeneration and regeneration
- –> mm. is replaced by collagen and fat cells (‘fatty replacement’).
- Remaining myofibers vary in size (small/atrophic to large/hypertrophied) => distorted fascicular architecture
X-linked Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne & Becker MD)
Abnormal aggregates of mitochondria seen in the subsarcolemmal area of affected myofibers of skeletal mm. (‘ragged red fibers’)
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Phonograph records: abnormal mitochondria with concentric membranous rings.
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Rhomboid para-crystalline inclusions
Mitochondrial Myopathies
o Antoni A areas: admixture of dense areas
o Antoni B areas: admixture of loose areas (hypocellular)
schwannoma
cells: presence of a spindled, elongated nucleus w a wavy or buckled shape
schwannoma
pedunculated nodule in dermis and SQ fat w loose collagen
superficial cuteneous neurofibroma
lg plaquelike elevation of skin
diffuse neurofibroma
tumors that entrap axons; multiple fassicles= bag of worms; collagen = shredded carrots
plexiform neurofibroma
nodular ingrowth of Schwann cells into the spinal cord.
Schwannosis (of NF2)
proliferation of meningeal cells and blood vessels growing in the brain
Meningioangiomatosis (of NF2)
microscopic nodular collections of glial cells at abnormal locations (superficial or deep cerebral cortex).
Glial harmartia (of NF2)
