2.7 Blood Glucose Levels And Obesity Flashcards
What does chromic elevation of blood glucose lead to?
The endothelium cells taking in more glucose than normal, damaging the blood vessels
What could atherosclerosis lead to if it develops?
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Stroke
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
What does small blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels result in?
- Haemorrhage of blood vessels in the retina
- Renal failure
- Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction
What are the two hormones released in the pancreas that are responsible for blood glucose regulation?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
What does insulin do to blood glucose levels?
Lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage
What does glucagon do to blood glucose levels?
Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to breakdown glycogen stores to glucose
What are glucose levels raised by during exercise and in fight or flight responses?
Adrenaline that is released from the adrenal glands
What does adrenaline released from the adrenal glands stimulate?
Glycogen secretion and inhibiting insulin secretion
What is a rise in blood glucose detected by?
Receptor cells in the pancreas and produce insulin
What is insulin that is transported to liver picked up by?
Insulin receptors
What happens when there is a drop in blood glucose?
The pancreas releases glucagon
What are tests for Diabetes?
- Urine testing
- Glucose Tolerance Test
Type 1 Diabetes
- Occurs in childhood
- Pancreatic cells can’t produce insulin
- Insulin injections and careful diet
- Cells have normal levels of insulin receptors so respond to insulin treatments
Type 2 diabetes
- Occurs in adulthood
- Pancreatic cells can produce insulin
- Exercise, weight loss, diet control
- Cells have decreased number of insulin receptors making them less sensitive to insulin
What is obesity a major risk factor for?
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Type 2 diabetes
