1.8 Energy Systems

Question 1

What happens to cells during vigorous exercise?

Answer 1

They do not get enough oxygen to support the electron transport chain

Question 2

What can citric acid cycle and electron transport chain not generate for lactate metabolism?

Answer 2

They can’t generate the ATP required

Question 3

What is glycolic able to provide for lactate metabolism?

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

What does pyruvate get converted to in Lactate Metabolism?

Answer 4

Lactate

Question 5

What is regenerated in lactate metabolism to maintain ATP production during glycolysis?

Answer 5

NAD

Question 6

What does a lactate build up in the muscles cause?

Answer 6

Fatigue and an oxygen debt build up

Question 7

What happens when oxygen debt is repaid?

Answer 7

The lactate is converted back to pyruvate which then enters the aerobic pathway

Question 8

What does skeletal muscles bring about?

Answer 8

Movement of the body

Question 9

What are the two types of skeletal muscles fibres?

Answer 9

• Slow twitch (type 1) muscle fibres
• Fast Twitch (type 2) muscle fibres

Question 10

Facts about slow twitch (type 1)?

Answer 10

• Contract slowly but sustain contractions for a long time
• Endurance activities like long distance running, cycling, cross-country skiing
• They rely one aerobic respiration to generate ATP
• Many mitochondria and a large blood supply
• High contraction of the oxygen storing protein myoglobin
• Major storage fuel of fats

Question 11

Facts about fast twitch (type 2)?

Answer 11

• Muscle fibres contract quickly but cannot maintain contractions for a long time
• Good for bursts of activity such as sprinting or weightlifting
• Generates ATP through glycolysis only
• Major storage fuel of glycogen
• Fewer mitochondria and a lower blood supply