Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Higher Human Bio > 1.3 Gene Expression > Flashcards

1.3 Gene Expression Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is gene expression?

A

The process by which specific genes are activated to produce a required protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many strands does RNA have?

A

One strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does an RNA nucleotide contain?

A
  • Ribose Sugar
  • Phosphate
  • A Bass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 RNA bases?

A
  • Adenine
  • Uracil
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the RNA base pairings?

A
  • Adenine and Uracil
  • Guanine and Cytosine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is mRNA made?

A

In the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

It carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it is translated into a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the first stage of protein synthesis?

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is tRNA folded?

A

Due to the complementary base pairing within the strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

Each molecule can carry one specific amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do tRNA molecules have for amino acid?

A

An attachment site at the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

rRNA and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is each triplet of bases on mRNA called?

A

A codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does each codon code for?

A

A specific amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of the 3 bases that are exposed on each tRNA molecule?

A

An anticodon

17
Q

How are proteins made?

A

By joining together amino acids in a specific sequence

18
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

The nucleus

19
Q

What does transcription produce?

A

A strand of mRNA complementary to a region of DNA called a gene

20
Q

How is the order of amino acids dictated?

A

By the order of the bases on the DNA

21
Q

What are the 6 stages of transcription?

A

1- DNA unwinds and RNA polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds

2- Free RNA nucleotides pair with DNA bases

3- Sugar-phosphate bonds form between RNA nucleotides

4- This requires ATP and the enzyme RNA polymerase

5- Introns are removed from the primary mRNA transcript to form the mature mRNA transcript

6- Mature mRNA leaves the nucleus

22
Q

What are the requirements for transcription?

A
  • DNA template
  • Free RNA nucleotides
  • RNA polymerase
  • ATP
23
Q

What is translation?

A

The synthesis of a protein in the form of a polypeptide chain at ribosomes

24
Q

What does translation begin and end with?

A

A start and stop codon

25
Q

What are amino acids joined together by?

A

Peptide bonds to form polypeptide

Higher Human Bio (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions