2.6 Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD)

Question 1

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

The process of the accumulation of fatty materials under the endothelium forming an atheroma

Question 2

What is atherosclerosis the root cause of?

Answer 2

• Angina
• Heart Attack
• Stroke
• Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 3

What happens if atheromas rupture?

Answer 3

They damage the endothelium

Question 4

What is prothrombin converted to?

Answer 4

Thrombin due to clotting factors being released

Question 5

What does thrombin cause to be formed?

Answer 5

Causes molecules of the plasma protein fibrinogen to form threads of fibrin

Question 6

What does fibrin form?

Answer 6

A meshwork that clots the blood, seals the wound and provides a scaffold for the formation of scar tissue

Question 7

What is formation of a thrombus called?

Answer 7

Thrombosis

Question 8

What happens if thrombus breaks loose?

Answer 8

Forms an embolus and travels through the bloodstream until it blocks a narrower blood vessel

Question 9

What does thrombosis in a coronary artery lead to?

Answer 9

A heart attack

Question 10

What does thrombosis in an artery in the brain lead to?

Answer 10

A stroke

Question 11

What is Peripheral Vascular Disease?

Answer 11

Narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis of arteries other than those of heart or brain

Question 12

Where does DVT form a blood clot?

Answer 12

A deep vein most commonly in the leg

Question 13

What does DVT result in?

Answer 13

Pulmonary Metabolism

Question 14

What is cholesterol?

Answer 14

A type of lipid molecule found in the cell membrane

Question 15

What does a higher blood cholesterol level lead to?

Answer 15

A higher risk of heart disease

Question 16

What does cholesterol contribute to?

Answer 16

The formation of atheromas

Question 17

What are the two lipoproteins?

Answer 17

High Density Lipoproteins and Low Density Lipoproteins

Question 18

What do HDL’s do?

Answer 18

Transport cholestrol from body tissues to liver to be broken down

Question 19

What do HDL’s prevent?

Answer 19

High level of cholesterol build up in blood stream

Question 20

What is HDL known as?

Answer 20

Good cholesterol

Question 21

What do LDL’s do?

Answer 21

Transport cholestrol made by liver to body cells

Question 22

What do body cells have?

Answer 22

LDL receptors

Question 23

What happens if body cells have sufficient cholestrol?

Answer 23

Negative feedback is triggered

Question 24

What happens when negative feedback is triggered?

Answer 24

It inhibits the synthesis of new LDL receptors

Question 25

What happens after the synthesis of new LDL receptors?

Answer 25

Less LDL is taken up by body cells, so more is left circulating in blood vessels

Question 26

What happens when less LDL is taken up by body cells?

Answer 26

Endothelial cells now take up cholesterol deposited in artery walls called atherosclerosis

Question 27

What does a higher ratio of HDL:LDL mean?

Answer 27

Lower blood cholesterol and a reduced chance of atherosclerosis

Question 28

What are treatments of high cholesterol?

Answer 28

• Regular exercise
• Dietary
• Statins