1.1 Division and Differentiation in Human Cells

Question 1

What are somatic cells?

Answer 1

Somatic cells are the cells that make up the human body, and are not involved in reproduction

Question 2

Name 4 types of somatic cells

Answer 2

• B Lymphocyte
• Smooth Muscle
• Red Blood Cells
• Nerve Cells

Question 3

Is a somatic cell diploid or haploid?

Answer 3

Diploid

Question 4

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do somatic cells have?

Answer 4

23

Question 5

Are germline cells diploid or haploid?

Answer 5

Diploid

Question 6

What is differentiaiton?

Answer 6

The process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristics for that type of cell

Question 7

What happens to a cell once it is differentiated?

Answer 7

It only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell

Question 8

Are embryonic cells pluripotent or multipotent?

Answer 8

Pluripotent

Question 8

Are tissue stem cells pluripotent or multipotent?

Answer 8

Multipotent

Question 9

Can all embryonic stem cell genes be switched off?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Can all of the tissue stem cells genes be switched off?

Answer 10

Not all genes can be switched off

Question 11

What does pluripotent mean?

Answer 11

Can differentiate into all cell types

Question 12

What does multipotent mean?

Answer 12

Can differentiate into a range of cell types

Question 13

Name 5 uses of stem cells

Answer 13

• Cell Growth
• Model Cells
• Drug Testing
• Disease Development
• Corneal Repair

Question 14

What is an ethical issue of stem cells?

Answer 14

May come from destroyed embryos

Question 15

Which part of the body are germline cells found?

Answer 15

Testes

Question 16

Name 2 types of stem cells

Answer 16

• Embryonic
• Tissue

Question 17

What signals do cancer cells fail to respond to?

Answer 17

Regulatory Signals

Question 18

What name is given to the abnormal mass of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division of cancer cells?

Answer 18

Tumour

Question 19

What do cancer cells do?

Answer 19

Cancer cells divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells that do not respond to regulatory signals and may fail to attach to each other

Question 20

What happens if cancer cells fail to attach?

Answer 20

If the cancer cells fail to attach the each other, they can spread through the body to form secondary tumours

Question 21

What is a tumour?

Answer 21

The abnormal mass of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division of cancer cells