1.1 Division and Differentiation in Human Cells Flashcards
What are somatic cells?
Somatic cells are the cells that make up the human body, and are not involved in reproduction
Name 4 types of somatic cells
- B Lymphocyte
- Smooth Muscle
- Red Blood Cells
- Nerve Cells
Is a somatic cell diploid or haploid?
Diploid
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do somatic cells have?
23
Are germline cells diploid or haploid?
Diploid
What is differentiaiton?
The process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristics for that type of cell
What happens to a cell once it is differentiated?
It only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell
Are embryonic cells pluripotent or multipotent?
Pluripotent
Are tissue stem cells pluripotent or multipotent?
Multipotent
Can all embryonic stem cell genes be switched off?
Yes
Can all of the tissue stem cells genes be switched off?
Not all genes can be switched off
What does pluripotent mean?
Can differentiate into all cell types
What does multipotent mean?
Can differentiate into a range of cell types
Name 5 uses of stem cells
- Cell Growth
- Model Cells
- Drug Testing
- Disease Development
- Corneal Repair
What is an ethical issue of stem cells?
May come from destroyed embryos
Which part of the body are germline cells found?
Testes
Name 2 types of stem cells
- Embryonic
- Tissue
What signals do cancer cells fail to respond to?
Regulatory Signals
What name is given to the abnormal mass of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division of cancer cells?
Tumour
What do cancer cells do?
Cancer cells divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells that do not respond to regulatory signals and may fail to attach to each other
What happens if cancer cells fail to attach?
If the cancer cells fail to attach the each other, they can spread through the body to form secondary tumours
What is a tumour?
The abnormal mass of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division of cancer cells
