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Clinical Chemisrty > Week 8 Notes > Flashcards

Week 8 Notes Flashcards

0
Q

What kind of bacteria can survive in O2 but prefers to not have it

A

Facultative anaerobes

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1
Q

What is a bacterial cell that has no nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

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2
Q

What kind of bacteria survives in low levels of O2

A

Microaerophilic

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3
Q

What kind of bacteria requires CO2

A

Capnophilic

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4
Q

What is the pH requirement

A

6.5 - 7.5

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5
Q

What bacteria has strict growth and nutrient requirements

A

Fastidious microbes

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6
Q

What type of bacteria survives in temps between 20 & 40 degrees C

A

Mesophiles

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7
Q

What type of bacteria lives in temps lower than 20 degrees C

A

Psychrophiles

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8
Q

What type of bacteria lives in temps over 40 degrees C

A

Thermophiles

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9
Q

What are the three bacterial cell shapes

A

Rods (bacilli)
Dots (cocci)
Spiral (spirochetes)

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10
Q

What are the 4 stages of bacterial growth

A

Initial (lag)
Exponential (reproduction stage)
Stationary (established population)
Final (death)

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11
Q

What type of fungi process CO2 for nutrition

A

Heterotrophs

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12
Q

What type of fungi are decomposers of dead tissue

A

Saprophytic

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13
Q

What type of fungi are mushroom or club shaped

A

Basidiomycetes

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14
Q

What type of fungi are cup shaped

A

Ascomycetes

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15
Q

What type of fungi are molds or fuzzy

A

Zygomycetes

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16
Q

What type of fungi have no identifiable sexual stage

A

Dueteromycetes

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17
Q

What are the two culture medians and what are their bases

A

Agar (algae base)

Gelatin (gell base)

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18
Q

What are the 6 general types of media

A 
Transport 
General purpose 
Enriched 
Selective
Differential
Enrichment
19
Q

T/F more than one type of media can be used together

A

True

20
Q

Describe transport media

A

Keeps alive, but no growth

21
Q

Describe enriched media

A

Requires certain things to grow (ex. Nutrition, O2, CO2)

22
Q

Describe selective media

A

Only grows what is desired

23
Q

Describe differential media

A

Allows bacteria to grow up in levels

24
Q

Describe enrichment media

A

There to help certain types of bacteria to grow

25
Q

Describe blood agar

A

Most common

Enrichment and differential media

26
Q

Describe macconkey / eosin-methylene blue agar

A

Selective and differential

Suppresses gram positive bacteria

27
Q

What medium is used to culture anaerobic bacteria

A

Thioglycollate broth

28
Q

What does the sabouraud dextrose media culture

A

Fungi and yeast

29
Q

What are the various collection methods

A

Aspiration
Swabbing
Imprint

30
Q

What can you aspirate

A

Hollow organs

External lesions

31
Q

What goes on a specimen label

A 
History
Owners name
Clinic name
Address and phone #
Signalment 
Duration of problem
Major signs
DDx 
Organism suspected
Treatment given
Investigation required
32
Q

What are the 4 steps to gram staining

A

Primary stain
Mordant
Decolorizer
Counterstain

33
Q

What is the difference between gram stain and Ziehl-neelson stain

A

Gram - detects positive or negative bacteria

Ziehl - detects acid fast organisms

34
Q

What are two acid fast organism species

A

Mycobacterium and Nocardia

35
Q

Is culturing recommended in clinics

A

No

Due to dangerous bacterial/fungal agents

36
Q

What is MIC

What does it tell us

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Determines the smallest effective dose

37
Q

What is the difference between indirect and direct sensitivity testing

A

Indirect- requires the colony culture to be subcultures in a broth media

Direct- sample is used directly

38
Q

How do you do a colony count

A

Count colonies and multiply by 100 and it gives you the colony forming unit (CFU)

Colony count (100) = CFU

39
Q

What is a presumptive identification

A

Gives enough info to develop a treatment plan

40
Q

What is the California mastitis test

A

Determines presence of infected milk

41
Q

What is mycology

A

Study of fungus

42
Q

What are the most common dermatophytes

A

M. canis
M. gypseum
T. Mentagrophytes

43
Q

What are the most commonly cultured fungi

A

Blastomyces

Histoplasma app

44
Q

What organism must be reported to a regulatory agency

A

Bacillus anthrasis

Clinical Chemisrty (11 decks)

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