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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Meteorology > 26. Charts > Flashcards

26. Charts Flashcards

1
Q

Charts

What type of chart will includ plots of QFF

A

SYNOPTIC CHART

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2
Q

Charts

Synoptic charts provide plot points of pressure measured at what datum (given as what Q reference)

A

MEAN SEA LEVEL
(MSL)
QFF

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3
Q

Charts

Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) charts are taken every ____ hours at what intervals

A

6 HOURS
0000 Z / 0600 Z / 1200 Z / 1800 Z

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4
Q

Charts

Occluded fronts on a chart are what coloud

A

VIOLET

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5
Q

Charts

Quasi Stationary fronts on a chart are what mixed colour

A

RED and BLUE

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6
Q

Charts

Significant weather charts are nromally prepared how long in advance

A

24 HRS

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7
Q

Charts

A significant weather chart is normally prepared 24 hours in advance. Each chart issue covereds a period of ____hrs before and ____hrs after the issue time

A
  1. 3 HRS BEFORE
  2. 3 HRS AFTER

  • The 1200z as an example covers the period 0900z to 1500z

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8
Q

Charts

  1. The ICAO standard medium level significant weather chart covers flight levels between FL ____ and FL ____
  2. Most forecasters however tend to issue charts valid between FL ____ and FL ____
A
  1. FL100 and FL250
  2. FL100 and FL450

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9
Q

Charts

High and medium levle significant weather charts include which of the following information;

  1. Tropical cyclones - wind speed greater than ____ kts
  2. MODERATE+ or SEVERE squall lines
  3. ____ turbulence (in cloud or clear air)
  4. ____ icing
  5. Widespread sandstorm/duststorm
  6. Cumulonimbus clouds when associated with ____ and with ____
A
  1. > 34 KTS
  2. SEVERE SQUALL LINES
  3. MOD to SEV TURBULENCE
  4. MOD to SEV ICING
  5. As read
  6. THUNDERSTORMS or ITEMS 1 to 5

  • CB clouds associated with thunderstorms or with any of the items as listed 1 to 5
  • Items 1 to 6 will only be included if expected to occur between the lower and upper levels of the SIGWX chart

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10
Q

Charts

On a SIGWX chart the abbreviation “CB” will only be included when it refers to the expected occurrence of cumulonimbus clouds which;

  1. Affecting an area with a maximum spatial covered of ____% of the area concerned
  2. Along a line with little or no space between individual clouds, listed as SQL or EMDB or OSBC
  3. Embedded by cloud layers, listed as SQL or EMDB or OBSC
  4. Obscured by haze, listed as SQL or EMDB or OBSC
  5. The Cumulonimbus clouds are individual, listed as ISOL or OCNL or FRQ
  6. The Cumulonimbus clouds are well seperated, listed as ISOL or OCNL or FRQ
  7. The Cumulonimbus clouds have little or no seperation, listed as ISOL or OCNL or FRQ
A
  1. 50%
  2. SQL
  3. EMBD
  4. OBSC
  5. ISOL
  6. OCNL
  7. FRQ

  • When CB are listed on the SIGWX it should be understood it includes all weather phenomena normally associated with a CB cloud i.e. thunderstorms, moderate or severe icing, modereate or serve turbulence and hail

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11
Q

Charts

Refer to the following diagram. Identify each of the SIGWX icons

  1. [ ]
  2. [ ]
  3. [ ]
  4. [ ]
  5. [ ]
  6. [ ]
  7. [ ]
  8. [ ]
  9. [ ]
  10. [ ]
  11. [ ]
  12. [ ]
  13. [ ]
A
  1. [TROPICAL CYCLONE]
  2. [SEVERE SQUALL LINES]
  3. [MODERATE TURBULENCE]
  4. [SHOWER]
  5. [SEVERE TURBULENCE]
  6. [MOUNTAIN WAVE]
  7. [LIGHT ICING]
  8. [MODEREATE ICING]
  9. [SEVERE ICING]
  10. [WIDERSPREAD FOG]
  11. [RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN ATMOSPHERE]
  12. [VOLCANIC ERUPTION]
  13. [OBSCURED MOUNTAINS]

SIGWX ICONS

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12
Q

Charts

Refer to the following diagram. Identify each of the SIGWX icons

  1. [ ]
  2. [ ]
  3. [ ]
  4. [ ]
  5. [ ]
  6. [ ]
  7. [ ]
  8. [ ]
  9. [ ]
  10. [ ]
  11. [ ]
  12. [ ]
  13. [ ]
A
  1. [DRIZZLE]
  2. [RAIN]
  3. [SNOW]
  4. [HAIL]
  5. [THUNDERSTORM]
  6. [WIDESPREAD BLOWING SNOW]
  7. [SEVERE SANDSTORM or DUSTSTORM]
  8. [WIDESPREAD SANDSTORM/DUSTSTORM]
  9. [WIDESPREAD HAZE]
  10. [WIDESPREAD MIST]
  11. [FREEZING FOG]
  12. [WIDESPREAD SMOKE]
  13. [FREEZING PRECIPITATION]

SIGWX ICONS

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13
Q

Charts

Refer to the following diagram. What is provided in this information

A

TROPOPAUSE HIGH
TROPOPAUSE LOW

SIGWX ICONS

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14
Q

Charts

What is the following information telling you

A

ACTIVE VOLCANO
37.7°N Lat
15.0°E LONG

  • In this exampl, this is an active volcano in Silcily, Italy

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15
Q

Charts

On a SIGWX chart, what is the significance of the scalloped lines (the lines that look like clouds)

A

BOUNDARY OF AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT WEATHER

EXAMPLE

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16
Q

Charts

On a SIGWX chart, what is the significane of a broken/dashed line

A

BOUNDARY OF AREAS OF CAT

EXAMPLE

7

17
Q

Charts

On a SIGWX chart, if the max wind speed is 80 or 120 kts or more, the flight levels between whcih the wind speed exceeds 60 or 80 kts are shown between the height of the jet core.

A
  1. 120 kts
  2. 80 kts

  • WARNING - do nto misread the chart
  • The fligt levels meeting this criteria are given as example 150/450
  • This should not be misread as wind blowing from 150° at 450 kts
  • Where the vertical extent is beyond the limits of the charts, the limits will be expressed as XXX

EXAMPLE

8

18
Q

Charts

refer to the following SIGWX chart. What is meant by the information circled in red

A

Individual cumulonimbas embeded in layer clouds.
The base of the CB is below FL250 and the top of the clodu is FL400

  • The base of the CB is below FL250 as the base is given as XXX and in the bottom right of the chart it states this is a chart for between FL250 and FL650

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19
Q

Charts

What is the significance of the SIGWX chart giving a spot tropopause height indication

A

OAT ABOVE THIS POINT ARE CONSTANT

  • In below example, see reference A
  • This is a Tropopause spot height
  • Reference B is the Tropopause LOW

EXAMPLE

9

20
Q

Charts

Refer to the following SIGWX information. What is meant by the information given at C

A

THE JETSTREAM CORE IS FL240

9

21
Q

Charts

Refer to the following diagram. What is the windspeed, direction, and temperature for each;

  1. WS [ ] Direction [ ]Temp [ ]
  2. WS [ ] Direction [ ]Temp [ ]
  3. WS [ ] Direction [ ]Temp [ ]
A
  1. WS [30kts] Direction [300] Temp [-36℃]
  2. WS [60kts] Direction [90°] Temp [-56℃]
  3. WS [15kts] Direction [240°] Temp [+2℃]

  • Each half feather line = 5 kts
  • Each solid feather line = 10 knots
  • Each solid triangle = 50 kts
  • Temperatures are all given as a minus UNELSS;
  • It is a positive temperature, which is preceded with PS

10

22
Q

Charts

Refer to the following diagram. What is meant by the 2 vertical bars intercepting the windspeed line

A

CHANGE OF WINDSPEED OF 20+KTS
OR;
CHANGE IN HEIGHT OF 3000 FT

  • When there is insufficient space on the wind chart to include a pennant/feather symbol the hatch markings will be used

10

23
Q

Charts

ICAO Annex 3 requires upper wind and temperature charts for the following flight levels. What are their corresponding Hectopascal values

  1. FL050 [ ]
  2. FL100 [ ]
  3. FL180 [ ]
  4. FL240 [ ]
  5. FL300 [ ]
  6. FL340 [ ]
  7. FL390 [ ]
  8. FL450 [ ]
  9. FL530 [ ]

Use the Magic 7 Cheat

A
  1. FL050 [850 hPa]
  2. FL100 [700 hPa]
  3. FL180 [500 hPa]
  4. FL240 [400 hPa]
  5. FL300 [300 hPa]
  6. FL340 [250 hPa]
  7. FL390 [200 hPa]
  8. FL450 [150 hPa]
  9. FL530 [100 hPa]

MAGIC 7 CHEAT

11

24
Q

Charts

Refer to the following diagram. Find the mean winds for a track along 40°N parallel for 040°W to 010°W. What is the average temperature.

Assuming that this is a 300 hPa chart (FL300) what is the ISA deviation

A

270°T/40 KTS
-63℃
ISA DEV -18℃

  • There are 7 wind indications between the 040°W to 010°W track

MEAN DIRECTION
* It can be seen the wind changes from around 290°T to 250°T on the track
* 290 + 250 = 540
* 540 / 2 = 270
* 270°

MEAN Wind Speed
* Add each wind speed together and divide by the number of indications to get the mean
* 35 + 35 + 40 + 40 + 45 + 50 + 40 = 285
* 285 / 7 = 40
* 40 KTS

MEAN TEMPERATURE
* Add each temperature together and divide by the number of indications to get the mean
* (-65℃) + (-65℃) +(-64℃) (-62℃) + (-61℃) + (-61℃) + (-61℃) = -439
* 439 / 7 = -63
* -63℃

ISA DEVIATION
* Use the MAGIC 7 CHEAT
* If this were the 300 hPa Chart, the altitude is FL300
* Use the ISA formula to calculate temperature
* 15 - (atl x 2) ⋉ 15 - (30 x 2)
* 15 - 60
* ** ISA -45℃**
* Actual temperature is -63℃
* (-63) - (-45) = (-18)
* ISA DEV -18℃

12

25
Q

Charts

A satelite at 36,000 km altitude will resolve around the earth once in 24 hours. If placed over th equator, orbiting in the same direction as the earths rotation, it will appear stationary. This is known as a GEOSTATIC or GEOSTATIONARY orbit

A

GEOSTATIONARY

14

26
Q

Charts

What are 2 primary disadvantages of a geostationary met sateltite

A
  1. FIELD OF VIEW TO LARGE FOR DETAILED DISPLAY
  2. HIGH LATITUDE VIEWS RESITRCTED

  • Geostationary satelties are supplemented by low orbit polar satelites that orbit from the North Pole to the South Pole

14

27
Q

Charts

  1. Geostationary satelties orbit the earth at ____ km altitude
  2. The supplementary low level orbit North to South pole orbit satelites orbit the earth at ____ km altitude
A
  1. 36,000 km
  2. 900 km

14

28
Q

Charts

The name of the satelite system that European met images come from

A

METEOSTAT

14

29
Q

Charts

On an Infrared chart;

  1. COLD or HOT temperatures are displayed as white
  2. COLD or HOT temperatures are displayed as black
A
  1. COLD
  2. HOT

  • The earth surface, unless very cold, is typically black
  • Cloud tops are typically white
  • Cloud thickness is not displayed

EXAMPLE

15

30
Q

Charts

On a visible image chart;

  1. Reflective surfaces such as cloud, snow, ice are shown as WHITE or BLACK
  2. Land and sea surfaces are shown as WHITE or BLACK
A
  1. WHITE
  2. BLACK

  • In this example, there is a lot of cloud over Europe into Eastern Europe

EXAMPLE

16

31
Q

Charts

  1. Water Vapour imagery highlights the presence of water vapour in the upper atmosphere, typically above ____ ft AMSL
  2. Water Vapour imagery is particularly useful at identifying the presence of what flight risk phenomenon
A
  1. 20,000 ft
  2. MOUNTAIN WAVES

20

32
Q

Charts

Ground Weather Radar functions by transmitting a pulse of radio energy and measuring the energy reflected back. It is used to identify associated severe turbulence with Cb cloud.

What are the “targets” in cumuliform cloud that the radar is detecting i.e. what is it detecting within the cloud to produce an output

A

RAIN DROPS and HAIL STONES

EXAMPLE

21

33
Q

Charts

The strength of ground weather radar returns to the pulses transmitted vary on the material that is reflecting the pulse i.e. rain or hail.

In descending order, what is the order of reflectivity on the below materials (most reflective to least reflective);

[ ] Dry Snow
[ ] Drizzle
[ ] Wet Hail
[ ] Dry Hail
[ ] Wet Snow
[ ] Rain

A

[1] Wet Hail
[2] Rain
[3] Wet Snow
[4] Dry Hail
[5] Dry Snow
[6] Drizzle

22

34
Q

Charts

On a airborne weather radar, intensity of return (colour of weather on the map) in itself does not indicate turbulance. Turbulence is most likely where there are sharp updrafts near the edge of a thunderstorm cell. How would this be reflected on an airborne weather radar

A

COLOURS CLOSE TOGETHER

EXAMPLE

24

35
Q

Charts

Shapes of the colour return on an airborne weather radar can indicate storm activity. Which of the following would be indicators of turbulence;

[ ] Finger shape
[ ] Hook shape
[ ] Bubble shape
[ ] U-shape
[ ] Scalloped edges
[ ] Straight defined line

A

[X] Finger shape
[X] Hook shape
[ ] Bubble shape
[X] U-shape
[X] Scalloped edges
[ ] Straight defined line

EXAMPLE

25

36
Q

Charts

Intense returns on an airborne weather radar can mask clouds behind them falsely indicating a clear area. This is known as ____

A

RADAR SHADOWING

EXAMPLE

27

37
Q

Charts

What does TCAC stand for

A

TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY CENTRE
(TCAC)

28

38
Q

Charts

What does VAAC stand for

A

VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY CENTRE
(VAAC)

30

ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Meteorology (27 decks)

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