24. SIGMETS and AIRMETS Flashcards
SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Identify the following as being either weather actual or weather forecasts;
- METAR [ ]
- TAF [ ]
- Synoptic Chart [ ]
- Significant Weather Chart [ ]
- METAR [WEATHER ACTUAL]
- TAF [WEATHER FORECAST]
- Synoptic Chart [WEATHER ACTUAL]
- Significant Weather Chart [WEATHER FORECAST]
- REMEMBER
- METAR - Actual at Runway
- TAF - Forecast
- SIGNificant Weather Chart - SIGN of things to come
- Significant Weather Chart is known as SIGWX
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What will a forecast have that a weather actual does not
PERIOD OF VALIDITY
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Annex 3 to the ICAO agreement sets out the standards for weather reporting. Which organisation ensures that these standards are implemented for aviation
WOLRD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION
(WMO)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
- What does WAF stand for
- What does WAFC stand for
- WORLD AREA FORECAST
- WORLD AREA FORECAST CENTRE
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Where are the 2 ICAO sponsored WAFCs geographically located
UK and USA
(London and Washington)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What does NWP stand for
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
(NWP)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
“a model that uses a mathematical model of atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather based on current weather conditions. It uses a 3D grid of weather data, consisting of horizontal data (Lat and Long) and vertical data (Height or pressure)”
This is the definition of what type of weather prediction
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
(NWP)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Marry up the following reports to the definitions;
- Aerodrome actuals, which may include a TREND [ ]
- Aerodrome forecast [ ]
- Warnings of significant weather [ ]
- Special reports [ ]
- Information for low level flights [ ]
====
- GAMET & AIRMET
- SPECIs
- METAR
- TAF
- SIGMET
- Aerodrome actuals, which may include a TREND [METAR]
- Aerodrome forecast [TAF]
- Warnings of significant weather [SIGMET]
- Special reports [SPECI]
- Information for low level flights [GAMET & AIRMET]
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What is the key difference between a SIGMET and a SIGWX
SIGMET - Severe weather warning advisory
SIGWX - A forecast of most significant weather in a period of time
- Where a SIGWX chart can be used to plan a journey base don forecasts of weather, a SIGMET is likely to be issued when already enroute to warn about a significant weather phenomenon. For example, Severe icing or turbulance
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What does AFTN stand for
AERONAUTICAL FIXED TELECOMNICATIONS NETWORK
(AFTN)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What does MOTNE stand for
METEOROLOGICAL OPERATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK EUROPE
(MOTNE)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What does MIST stand for
METEROLOGICAL INFORMATION STANDARD TERMINAL
(MIST)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Where can detailed weather information in text or fax form be obtained;
[ ] AFTN
[ ] MOTNE
[ ] MIST
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] GAMET
[X] AFTN
[ ] MOTNE
[ ] MIST
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] GAMET
- Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Text based Met information in Europe is distributed on the AFTN by which network;
[ ] MOTNE
[ ] MIST
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] GAMET
[X] MOTNE
[ ] MIST
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] GAMET
- Meterological Operational Telecommunications Network Europe
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Access to a full met service for national and international flights can be obtained online through which means;
[ ] AFTN
[ ] MOTNE
[ ] MIST
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] GAMET
[ ] AFTN
[ ] MOTNE
[X] MIST
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] GAMET
- Meterological Information Standard Terminal
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
The meterological authority will provide special route forecasts if required. ICAO rules require this information be supplied ASAP or WITHIN 1 HR or WITHIN 3 HRS of it becoming available. It must be supplied no later than 1 HR or 2 HRS or 3 HRS before departure
- ASAP
- 3 HRS
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Weather information obtained in flight broadcast on HF and VHF and repeats the current METAR and SPECI is known as what;
[ ] SIGMET
[ ] GAMET
[ ] VOLMET
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] TAF
[ ] SPECI
[ ] SIGMET
[ ] GAMET
[X] VOLMET
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] TAF
[ ] SPECI
- The term VOLMET is derived from the French word “vol” (flight) and meteo (weather)
- VOLMET is in flight
- REMEMBER the French word “voila!
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Through what methods could a pilot obtain routine weather information in flight;
[ ] VOLMET
[ ] SIGMET
[ ] SPECI
[ ] AIRMET
[ ] ACARS
[ ] ATIS
[X] VOLMET
[ ] SIGMET
[ ] SPECI
[ ] AIRMET
[X] ACARS
[X] ATIS
- VOLMET - HF and VHF broadcast of weather, where VOLMET means IN FLIGHT WEATHER
- ACARS - Aircraft Communications, Addressing and Reporting System - information can be pased from ATC to the aircraft
- ATIS - Automatic Terminal Information Service, broadcasts the current weather actual at a local aerodrome
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
How frequently will ATIS information be re-issued
30 MIN
OR;
ANY OTHER CHANGE WARRANTS IT
- METARS will be issued every 30 minutes, ATIS will be updated
- If there is a significant change in weather i.e. wind gusts etc.. this may merrit the update of the ATIS
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
- An AIRMET or SIGMET is issued for weather that may affect aircraft safety
- An AIRMET or SIGMET affect the safety of all aircraft
- AIRMET
- SIGMET
SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Which defines a SIGMET, which defines an AIRMET
- Routinely issued by each FIR (MWO) relating to cruising levels generally above FL100 [ ]
- Warnings specifically for traffic in the lower levels, nromally up to FL100 but up to FL150 or higher in mountainous regions [ ]
- SIGMET
- AIRMET
- THINK SIGMET is SIGNIFICANTLY high
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
For which of the following would an AIRMET be issued for;
[ ] Severe or extreme turbulance
[ ] IFR conditions
[ ] Mountain obscuration
[ ] Dust/sand storm (visibility less than 3 mi)
[ ] Volcanic ash
[ ] Moderate turbulance
[ ] Icing and freezing levels
[ ] Severe icing
[ ] Severe or extreme turbulance
[X] IFR conditions
[X] Mountain obscuration
[ ] Dust/sand storm (visibility less than 3 mi)
[ ] Volcanic ash
[X] Moderate turbulance
[X] Icing and freezing levels
[ ] Severe icing
SIGMETS and AIRMETS
For which of the following would an SIGMET be issued for;
[ ] Severe or extreme turbulance
[ ] IFR conditions
[ ] Mountain obscuration
[ ] Dust/sand storm (visibility less than 3 mi)
[ ] Volcanic ash
[ ] Moderate turbulance
[ ] Icing and freezing levels
[ ] Severe icing
[X] Severe or extreme turbulance
[ ] IFR conditions
[ ] Mountain obscuration
[X] Dust/sand storm (visibility less than 3 mi)
[X] Volcanic ash
[ ] Moderate turbulance
[ ] Icing and freezing levels
[X] Severe icing
SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Marry up each of the surface visibility codes to the correct meaning;
- Haze [ ]
- Dust [ ]
- Smoke [ ]
- Sand [ ]
- Fog [ ]
- Mist [ ]
- Ice Pellets [ ]
====
BR, SA, FG, PL, FU, DU, HZ
- Haze [HZ]
- Dust [DU]
- Smoke [FU]
- Sand [SA]
- Fog [FG]
- Mist [BR]
- Ice Pellets [PL]
- REMEMBER
- Say “Fuck You” to smoking (FU)
- Gorillias in the MIST was distributed by warner BRos
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Marry up each of the surface visibility codes to the correct meaning;
- Freezing [ ]
- Blowing [ ]
- Shallow [ ]
- Banks [ ]
- Patches [ ]
- Ice Crystals [ ]
- Snow Grains [ ]
====
PR, BC, SG, FZ, BL, MI, IC
- Freezing [FZ]
- Blowing [BL]
- Shallow [MI]
- Banks [PR]
- Patches [BC]
- Ice Crystals [IC]
- Snow Grains [SG]
- REMEMBER
- The Miami Shallows (MI)
- Banks sounds like PRanks
- Patches of Broken Cloud (BC)
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Marry up each of the surface visibility codes to the correct meaning;
- Sandstorm [ ]
- Dust storm [ ]
- Dust devils [ ]
- Unidentified precipitation [ ]
- Volcanic ash [ ]
- Squalls [ ]
- Drizzle [ ]
====
DZ, PO, UP, VA, SQ, SS, DS
- Sandstorm [SS]
- Dust storm [DS ]
- Dust devils [PO]
- Unidentified precipitation [UP]
- Volcanic ash [VA]
- Squalls [SQ]
- Drizzle [DZ]
SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Decode the following SIGMET
EISN SIGMET 2 VALID 101200/101600 EINN-SHANNON FIR/UIR OBSC TS FCST S OF N54 TOP FL390 MOV E WKN
- SIGMET Number 2
- Valid on the 10th from 1200 to 1600
- Issued for Shannon FIR/UIR (EISN)
- Obscured Thunderstorms are forecast south of 54°N
- Tops of up to FL390
- Moving East and weakening
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
- What does AIREP stand for
- What does PIREP stand for
AIREP and PIREP are the same generalised format, with PIREP being an American equivilant to AIREP
- AIRCRACT REPORT
- PILOT REPORT
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Refer to the following diagram. Which option represents fog at the surface
OPTION 2
- The dew point and the temperature at the same from the surface level
- This means that condensation is occuring at ground level
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
Refer to the following diagram. Which option represents a layer of stratus cloud
OPTION 3
- The dew point is steadily getting closer to the temperature line
- When the 2 meet, this represents clouds
- It is only a thin layer before the 2 diverge
- The temperature shows a marked increase, suggesting a temperature inversion
- This would mean air below is not rising so it is stable, meaning layered cloud
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SIGMETS and AIRMETS
What does AMDAR stand for
AIRCRAFT METEROLOGICAL DATA RELAY
- A satelite link from aircraft to WAFC to relay meterological information from the aircraft during flight
- Report includes info on climb, cruis, descent
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