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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Meteorology > 23. Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification > Flashcards

23. Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

It is generally true in relation to jetstreams that…
​
1. They are faster the closer they are to the equator in WINTER or SUMMER
2. The polar front jet in particular is more influenced by LAND or SEA masses

A
  1. WINTER
  2. LAND

  • It is generally true that jetstreams are faster and closer to the equator in winter
  • It is generally true that the tracks of the northern hemisphere jetstreams, in particular the polar front jet, are influenced more by land masses than the southern hemisphere jets

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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2
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January, the NH Polar Front Jet runs from Florida to Folkstone typically, but will be prevented from moving further inland past Europe due to which weather system

PFJ = Polar Front Jet
SFJ = Sub-Tropical Front Jet

A

SIBERIAN HIGH

  • At this time of year, the polar front on the North Atlantic runs from Florida to Folkestone.
  • It continues into Europe but the Siberian high pressure blocks its progress

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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3
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January, the NH Polar Front Jetstream (PFJ) after being interrupted by the Siberian High will pick up again off of the East of Russia. It will pass over the Pacific Ocean and enter into the North Americas again over which city/geopgrahic location

A

VANCOUVER

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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4
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. In January, the NH Polar Front Jet (PFJ) and the Sub-Tropical Jet (STJ) will merge in the West over which state in the US
  2. The combined jetstream winds will reach approximately ____kts
A
  1. FLORIDA
  2. 200 KTS

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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5
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January, the NH Sub-Tropical Jet (STJ) will pass over which Desert located in North Africa

A

SAHARA

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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6
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. In January, the NH Polar Front Jet (PFJ) and the Sub-Tropical Jet (STJ) will merge in the East over which country
  2. The combined jetstream winds will reach approximately ____kts
A
  1. JAPAN
  2. 300 KTS

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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7
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January, apart from the NW Atlantic and NW pacific, where the NH PFJ and STJ merge;

  1. The PFJ stream speed will typically be MORE or LESS than 200 kts
  2. The STJ stream speed will typically be between ____ to ____kts
A
  1. LESS
  2. 90 to 130 KTS

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8
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January;

  1. The SH Sub-Tropical Jet (STJ) cross the South Pacific and South Atlantic oceans at around ____° to ____° latitude South
  2. The SH Polar Front Jet (PFJ) cross the South Pacific and South Atlantic oceans at around ____° to ____° latitude South
A
  1. 35° to 40°
  2. 50° to 55°

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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9
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January, The SH PFJ or STJ just touches the southern tip of Africa and the Northern tip of New Zealand

A

SUB-TROPICAL JET
(STJ)

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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10
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In January, The SH PFJ or STJ touches the southern tip of New Zealand and the middle of Argentina

A

POLAR FRONT JET
(PFJ)

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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11
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. In January, the band of easterlies is fairly light, with wind speeds of approximatetely ____kts
  2. The easterlies will travel typically from the SOLOMON ISLANDS TO WEST OF AFRICA or WEST OF AFRICA TO SOLOMON ISLANDS
A
  1. 20 KTS
  2. SOLOMON ISLANDS to WEST OF AFRICA

UPPER WINDS JANUARY

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12
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. In July, in the NH, the PFJ will cross the Pacific ocean at around ____° Latitude North
  2. The jetstream speeds are MORE or LESS powerful than those in winter
  3. The jetstream wind speeds are typically around ____ to ____kts
A
  1. 50°
  2. LESS POWERFUL
  3. 80 to 120 kts

UPPER WINDS JULY

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13
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. In July, in the NH, the PFJ will flow across North America from Vancouver and over which land point before flowing across the North Atlantic
  2. The stream will pass over which country in Europe as it moves back inland
A
  1. NEW FOUNDLAND
  2. NORWAY

UPPER WINDS JULY

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13
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. In July, in the NH, the STJ crosses the Pacific Ocean between ____° and ____° N Latitude
  2. The wind speeds are typically between ____ to ____ kts
A
  1. 35° and 40°
  2. 90 to 120 kts

UPPER WINDS JULY

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14
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In July;

  1. The SH Sub-Tropical Jet (STJ) cross the South Pacific and South Atlantic oceans at around ____° latitude South
  2. The SH Polar Front Jet (PFJ) cross the South Pacific and South Atlantic oceans at around ____° to ____° latitude South
A
  1. 30°
  2. 45° to 50°

UPPER WINDS JULY

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15
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

Southern hemisphere jetstreams are fastest in JANUARY or JULY

A

JULY

UPPER WINDS JULY

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16
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. The Arctic and Antarctic jetstreams are only present in WINTER or SUMMER
  2. The Arctic and Antarctic jetstreams are typically a height of ____ft AND;
  3. with windspeeds averaging ____kts
A
  1. WINTER
  2. 20,000 ft
  3. 80 kts

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16
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In July, the ITCZ is entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.

  1. What effect will this have on the Easterlies winds in terms of how far they stretch
  2. The band of the easterlies between the Western Pacific and West Africa will be between ____°N and ____°S
  3. Over the mid pacific, the Easterlies narrow to approximately ____°N and ____°S
  4. Wind speeds of the easterlies will reach up to ____kts
A
  1. ACROSS THE GLOBAL EQUATOR
  2. 25°N to 05°S
  3. 05°N to 05°S
  4. 80 KTS

UPPER WINDS JULY

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17
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In regards to the jetstreams, complete the following information in regards to the Mean Core Altitude;

  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [ ]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [ ]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [ ]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [ ]
  • 50,000 ft
  • 30,000 ft
  • 20,000 ft
  • 40,000 ft

| JETSTREAM | MEAN CORE ALTITUDE |

JETSTREAM | MEAN CORE ALTITUDE |

A
  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [20,000 ft ]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [30,000 ft ]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [40,000 ft ]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [50,000 ft ]

JETSTREAMS

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18
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In regards to the jetstreams, complete the following information in regards to the Season;

  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [ ]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [ ]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [ ]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [ ]
  • All year
  • All year
  • June - August
  • Only in Winter
A
  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [ONLY IN WINTER]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [ALL YEAR]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [ALL YEAR]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [JUNE-AUGUST]

JETSTREAMS

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19
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In regards to the jetstreams, complete the following information in regards to the geographical latitude;

  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [ ]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [ ]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [ ]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [ ]
  • 60° - 80°
  • 5°
  • Winter: 20° - 35° | Summer 35° - 45°
  • Winter: 40° - 70° | Summer 50° - 80°
A
  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [60° - 80°]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [Winter: 40° - 70° | Summer 50° - 80°]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [Winter: 20° - 35° | Summer 35° - 45°]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [5°]

JETSTREAMS

6

20
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In regards to the jetstreams, complete the following information in regards to the geographical latitude;

  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [ ]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [ ]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [ ]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [ ]
  • 60 - 100 kts
  • Up to 300 kts
  • About 100 kts
  • About 80 kts
A
  1. Arctic/Antarctic Jetstream [About 80 kts]
  2. Polar Front Jestream [Up to 300 kts]
  3. Subtropical Jetstream [About 100 kts]
  4. Equatorial Jetstream [60 - 100 kts]

JETSTREAMS

6

21
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

Monsoon typically refers to the SW/NE or NW/SE change in winds associated with weather over WEST AFRICA, INDIA AND FAR EAST or EUROPE, SCANDINAVIA, AND RUSSIA

A
  1. SW/NE
  2. WEST AFRICA, INDIA AND FAR EAST

  • REMEMER - Monsoon SWINE ⋉ SW|NE

7

22
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The West African Monsoon as the ITCZ is travelling north;

  1. The winds from the south are fed from the SOUTH ATLANTIC or SOUTH WEST INDIAN OCEAN
  2. The winds are HIGH LEVEL or LOW LEVEL topping out between ____ and ____ft
  3. The air is DRY, COLD, UNSTABLE or WET, WARM, UNSTABLE
  4. The cloud type are CU AND CB or NS AND SC
  5. The northern side of the ITCZ is receiving WET or DRY winds from NORTH ATLANTIC or SAHARA
  6. Will reach further north over the city ____ at around ____° N Latitude
A
  1. SOUTH ATLANTIC
  2. LOW LEVEL WINDS / 5000 to 8000 ft
  3. WET, WARM, UNSTABLE
  4. CU AND CB
  5. DRY / SAHARA
  6. DAKAR / 15°N

WEST AFRICAN MONSOON

8

23
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The West African Monsoon as the ITCZ is travelling south;

  1. The ITCZ starts to retreat around MARCH or AUGUST
  2. The airflow is DRY or WET. This is because..
  3. The winds are from the NE or SW from the SAHARA or SOUTH ATLANTIC
  4. The main inland areas will have GOOD or POOR visibility as a result
  5. As a result of moisture picked up from the jungle, RADIATION or SEA fog is generated as the air moves over the Canaries current
A
  1. AUGUST
  2. DRY
  3. SAHARA
  4. POOR
  5. SEA FOG

  • The winds wil be dry and dusty
  • This is known as the West African Tropical Tornado
  • The dust will create poor visibility

WEST AFRICAN MONSOON

8

24
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The ITCZ starting April move far north over China to between ____° and ____°N latitude, The ITCZ will clear to the North by July

A

30° to 35°N

9

25
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. As the ITCZ in summer moves far north over China, the prevailing winds will be from NE or SW
  2. This wind will draw WARM, WET, UNSTABLE or DRY, COLD, STABLE air over the land
A
  1. SW
  2. WARM, WET, UNSTABLE

  • As the ITCZ moves north, this is an area of low pressure
  • This draws in the air meaning as it travels north ward over China, the air drawn in will be from the Indian ocean
  • This makes the air warm, wet, and unstable
  • The Monsoon season is June to September. Heavy rain fall over bay of Bengal in October will therefore be from a Tropical Revolving Storm (TRS) and not from monsoon

9

26
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

Heavy rain in the northern Bay of Bengal in October will be as a result of TROPTICAL REVOLVING STORM or MONSOON

A

TROPICAL REVOLVING STORM
(TRS)

27
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

Over India and the far east, as the ITCZ starts to retreat in winter;

  1. The winds will be fed from the NE or SW
  2. This is as a result of what high pressure system
  3. The air will be WARM, WET, UNSTABLE or COLD, DRY, STABLE
  4. From around 20°N altitude southward in the far east, the airflow will be STABLE or UNSTABLE
A
  1. NE
  2. SIBERIAN HIGH
  3. COLD, DRY, STABLE
  4. UNSTABLE

  • The winds wil be fed from the North East as a result of the Siberian High
  • This will make the air cold, dry, and stable
  • Where there is a long sea passage of the airmass, this will make it unstable and convective.
  • This occurs around 20°N, so south of this the NE air flow will be unstable

10

28
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

At around 20°N in the far east, mixing of cold and warm air off the China coast produced a low cloud and drizzle weather pattern called what

A

CRACHIN

10

29
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. At its further south, the ITCZ will reach which land mass
  2. The winds will change direction in the Southern Hemisphere which as a result, will bring which monsoon, NW or SW to Darwin
A
  1. AUSTRALIA
  2. NW

  • The winds will change from a NW direction
  • This will bring bad weather to Papua New Guinea and Darin

10

30
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. During the months of ____ to ____, the cold NE flow of air from the Siberian High stops.
  2. This is before the SW monsoon weather has arrived. As a result, what happens to the temperatures over India
A
  1. MARCH to MAY
  2. EXTREMELY HOT

  • The ITCZ will no longer be travelling south and the season is changing
  • AS it does so, and the ITCZ would start to move north again, the NE air flow from siberia ceases
  • This means the temperatures in India rise excessively
  • When the ITCZ travels further north it draws in warm, wet, unstable air from over the Indian Ocean over india bringing the rains and SW monsoon

10

31
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The hazards for flying associated with the SW monsoons include;

[ ] Heavy rainfall
[ ] Icing
[ ] Excessive hail storm
[ ] Strong gusty winds
[ ] Tornado
[ ] Severe Thunderstorms
[ ] Lightening

A

[X] Heavy rainfall
[X] Icing
[ ] Excessive hail storm
[X] Strong gusty winds
[ ] Tornado
[X] Severe Thunderstorms
[X] Lightening

10

32
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The Mistral, Bora, Sirocco, Ghibli and Khamsin are are a collection of winds known as the ____ winds

A

MEDITERRANEAN WINDS

11

33
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“wind flowing from the Rhone Valley and past the French alps in winter, it becomes a valley wind with katabatic enhancement”

This is the definition of which of the mediterranean winds

34
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“A purely katabatic wind that blows down from the mountains at the head of the Adriatic sea down from Croatia”

This is the definition fo whcih of the mediterranean winds

35
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

  1. The MISTRAL or BORA wind can reach up to 50 kts
  2. The MISTRAL or BORA wind can reach up to 70 kts
A
  1. MISTRAL
  2. BORA

11

36
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“A wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurrican speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially in the summer season”

This is the definition fo whcih of the mediterranean winds

37
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“a dry, hot, sandy local wind, blowing from the south, in the North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Sand filled windstorms often blow sporadically over fifty days”

This is the definition fo whcih of the mediterranean winds

38
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The name of a 5 category climate classification system

A

KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

13

39
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“Equatorial or Tropical climates have a constant high temperature all year round with averages of 20℃ or higher. They are subdvided into 3 climate categories; Tropical Rain Forest, Tropical Monsoon, Tropical Savannah”

This is the definition of which Zone in the Koppen climate classification table

40
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“Dry and Semi-Arid Climates are areas where the annual rainfall is less than that potentially lost by evaporation and foliage. If it is much less it is classed as a desert, BW, if it is a bit less it is steppe, BS. The deserts and steppes can be further classified as mid-latitude, with an average annual temperature below 20°C, or sub-tropical with an annual average temperature above 20°C.”

This is the definition of which Zone in the Koppen climate classification table

41
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“Temperate, or warm temperature, climates have temperatures in the coldest month averaging between 18°C and -3°C. The second letter of the classification indicates the dry season, s for summer, w for winter and f stands for the German word ‘feucht’ which means ‘moist’ - no dry season. The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat, with a being the hottest and c being the coldest.”

This is the definition of which Zone in the Koppen climate classification table

42
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“climates are characterised by having high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter. They usually occur in the continental interiors north of about 40°N. As there is very little comparable land in the Southern Hemisphere these climates are extremely rare south of the equator, existing only in isolated areas of New Zealand.”

This is the definition of which Zone in the Koppen climate classification table

43
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

“climates are described as polar, although they also include areas of the Andes, the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas. They have average temperatures below 10°C all year round.”

This is the definition of which Zone in the Koppen climate classification table

44
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

Zone A;

  1. The code for Tropical Monsoon Climate is AF or AM or AW
  2. The code for Tropical Savannah Climate is AF or AM or AW
  3. The code for Tropical Rain Forest Climate is AF or AM or AW
45
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The following characteristics define which Zone A category;

  1. All 12 months have average rainfall of 60mm
  2. includes locations such as Singapore, Borneo, Amazon basin
  3. Found typically between latitudes 10°N and 10°S
A

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST CLIMATE
(Af)

KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

14

46
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The following characteristics define which Zone A category;

  1. Monsoon winds create a dry season and wet season
  2. Occurs around locations such as Bangladesh, Mumbai, Miami
A

TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE
(Am)

KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

14

47
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

The following characteristics define which Zone A category;

  1. Has a dry seasons and wet seasons, but less than monsoon climate
  2. Occurs in locations such as Australia, Southern Brazil, East Africa south of the equator
A

TROPICAL SAVANNAH CLIMATE
(Aw)

KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

14

48
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

What is the code for the following Zone b categories;

  1. Sub-Tropical Steppe
  2. Sun-Tropical Desert
  3. Mid-Lattitude Steppe
  4. Mid-Latitude Desert
A
  1. BSh
  2. BWh
  3. BSk
  4. BWk

  • REMEMBER
  • Steppe is BSh and BSk
  • Mid is an M upside down - BWh, BWk

KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

15

49
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

In the Zone C climate category coding system,

  1. “S” stands for ____
  2. “W” stands for ____
  3. “F” stands for ‘feucht’, which means ____
A
  1. SUMMER
  2. WINTER
  3. MOIST (no dry season)

KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

16

50
Q

Upper Winds, Monsoons and Climate Classification

PAGE 17

ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Meteorology (27 decks)

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