03. Temperature Flashcards
Temperature
The amount the temperature of an object will go up when heat energy is added depends on what
MATERIAL OF OBJECT
1
Temperature
What is the unit of reference for heat energy
CALORIE
(CAL)
The amount of heat energy to raise 1gm of water by 1℃
- If you add 10 calories to 1gm of water, temperature will rise by 10℃
- If you add 10 calories to 100gm of water, temperature will rise by 0.1℃
2
Temperature
Land heats and cools more QUICKLY or SLOWLY compared to the sea
QUICKLY
- Sea stays at a more or less constant temperature
- Land will heat up and cool down more quickly
2
Temperature
What is the name given to the process of ice turning directly into a gas
SUBLIMINATION
3
Temperature
What is the name given to the process of gas turning directly into a ice
DESUBLIMATE
3
Temperature
What name is given to the process of water turning into ice
SOLIDIFYING
3
Temperature
What must be present in order for sublimation to take place
NUCLEI OR OBJECT
- Sublimnation will only occur if there is something present for the ice crystals to form on, either vegetation, existing ice crystals or small particles of atmospheric dus known as sublimation nuclei
4
Temperature
The effectiveness of a particle as a condensation nucleus is dependant on 1 of 2 states. A nucleus that is said to be water attracting is known as what
HYGROSCOPIC
5
Temperature
The effectiveness of a particle as a condensation nucleus is dependant on 1 of 2 states. A nucleus that is said to be water repelling is known as what
HYDROPHOBIC
5
Temperature
The process of sublimination or desublimation, melting, evaporating, condensing and solidifying are all changes of state. A change of state will always ____ or ____ energy
RELEASE or ABSORB
6
Temperature
What is insolation
HEATING OF EARTHS SURFACE BY THE SUN
- A measure of the solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time
- REMEMBER - inSOLation = same as SOLar
7
Temperature
“A measure of the solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time”
This is the definition of what
INSOLATION
- Heating of the earths surface by the sun
- REMEMBER - inSOLation = same as SOLar
7
Temperature
What is the average temperature in Kelvin of the radioative surface of the sun
5800 K
7
Temperature
The sun emits the most significant energy in what 2 bands
- ULTRAVIOLET
- INFRARED
7
Temperature
The sun emits smaller amounts of energy in what 4 bands
- RADIO
- MICROWAVE
- X-RAY
- GAMMA
7
Temperature
The time of the trip from the Sun to the earths surface of energy transmitted in bands
8 MIN
7
Temperature
Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for absorbing most of the energy from ultraviolet rays
OZONE
8
Temperature
Where does the most intense surface heating of the earth occur and why
- EQUATOR
- SPREAD OF SOLAR RADIATION
- Earth is a sphere. Intensity of radiation arriving from the sun is the same whatever the angle it arrives at the earth however, the spread over the surface of the earth depends on the angle it arrives
- At the equator it does not have as much spread as where it arrives at higher latitudes
9
Temperature
When a mass absorbs radiation and its temperature increases, the amount of increase in temperature is dependant on the material the object is made of. The amount of heat it can change by is known by what
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
- For any given quantity of heat energy that is absorbed by the Eearths surface, the rise in temperature will depend on the specific heat of the surface material
- Water has a specific heat of 1 (think of Specific gravity as similar equations i.e. AVGAS is 0.73, water is 1.0. Same with materials when it comes to quantifying specific heat. It is measured against water)
11
Temperature
The amout of energy that the sea will absorb from solar radiation, and how much it will reflect, is dependant on what
Temperature
The 2 key factors that determine the percentage of the suns energy that is absorbed by the earth
- SURFACE TYPE
- ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
The percentage of the suns energy that is absorbed by the earth depends on the type of surface and the angle of arrival of the radiation
10
Temperature
An object made of a material with a specific heat value of 1.0 will have a HIGHER or LOWER temperature increase than an object made of a material with a secpfici heat value of 0.5
LOWER
0.5 TEMP INCREASE > 1.0 temp increase
- The higher the specific heat property, the lower the temperature increase
11
Temperature
The atmosphere temperature increase will be HIGHER or LOWER over land than over sea
HIGHER
- Objects over land have a lower specific heat value than water, which is 1.0
- Objects such as concrete, soil etc.. will absorb more heat energy and therefore increase in temperature
- This will in turn mean they radiate more heat into the atmosphere thus warmer over land than over sea
11
Temperature
What are the 4 major contributors to greenouse effects and what are their percentage contribution
- WATER VAPOUR | 36 - 70%
- CO² | 9 - 26%
- METHANE | 4 - 9%
- OZONE | 3 - 7%
12
Temperature
The Earth radiates energy in SHORT or LONG wavelengths
LONG
13
Temperature
The Sun radiates energy in SHORT or LONG wavelengths
SHORT
16
Temperature
The earth heats the atmosphere by which 3 means
- RADIATION
- CONVECTION
- CONDUCTION
13
Temperature
A transfer of heat at the surface into the air through contact is known as what
CONDUCTION
- REMEMBER - Conduct sounds like Contact
14
Temperature
Air is a GOOD or POOR conductor of heat
POOR
- As a result, heat transferred into air on a still calm day means the layer of heat will remain relatively shallow at the surface of the earth unless there is a means of distributing the heat aloft
- This can happen through turbulence, which can distribute heat up from the surface
14
Temperature
The name given to heating of the atmosphere aloft through conduction due to the air mixing
TURBULENCE HEATING
14
Temperature
The method of transfer of heat aloft through the vertical movement of air is known as what
CONVECTION
- REMEMBER - ConVection is Vertical
15
Temperature
Forced convection in which air is forced up and over a range of mountains can also be known by what name
MECHANICAL TURBULENCE
15
Temperature
The process of thermal convection is where the heated air has a ____ than its surroundings and therefore rises
LOWER DENSITY
15
Temperature
The process of air cooling and water vapour condensing into clouds will give of what in the condensation process
LATENT HEAT
15
Temperature
Long wave radiation from the earth radiates out to space. However, a portion of it is re-radiated back to the earth from what in the sky
CLOUDS
17
Temperature
What is the net percentage of the atmospheres heat sources;
- Long wave radiation
- Warm air convection
- Latent heat convection
- 42%
- 12%
- 46%
17
Temperature
“The horizontal movement of air which transfers energy along a horizontal plane”
This is the definition of what
ADVECTION
- Warm Air Advection = WAA
- Cold Air Advection = CAA
18
Temperature
Advection transfer energy along what plane, and as a result is not responsible for heating the troposphere, buy only redistributing it.
HORIZONTAL
18
Temperature
What would you commonly associate a Warm Air Advection (WAA) with
WARN FRONT
18
Temperature
What would you commonly associate a Cold Air Advection (CAA) with
COLD FRONT
19
Temperature
What does ITCZ stand for
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
20
Temperature
In January, land masses in the NORTHERN or SOUTHERN hemisphere will be warmer
Temperature
In July, land masses in the NORTHERN or SOUTHERN hemisphere will be warmer
Temeprature
Which direction does the earth rotate around the sun
ANTI-CLOCKWISE
Warm moist air from the sea that arrives over colder surfaces of land will form what weather phenomina
ADVECTION FOG
21
Temperature
Radiation fog is dependant on the ____ in surface temperature
DIURNAL VARIATION
Temperature
The minimum surface temperatures occur at what point of the day
30 MIN AFTER SUNRISE
Temperature
The maximum surface temperatures occur at what point of the day
2-3 HOURS AFTER MIDDAY
Temperature
On a cloudy, overcast night, the Diurnal range will be MORE or LESS than compared to a clear night (excluding any other factors such as wind or sea breezes)
LESS
- Overcast night prevents as much radiation from the surface escaping into space and is re-radiated back down
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