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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Meteorology > 03. Temperature > Flashcards

03. Temperature Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature

The amount the temperature of an object will go up when heat energy is added depends on what

A

MATERIAL OF OBJECT

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2
Q

Temperature

What is the unit of reference for heat energy

A

CALORIE
(CAL)

The amount of heat energy to raise 1gm of water by 1℃

  • If you add 10 calories to 1gm of water, temperature will rise by 10℃
  • If you add 10 calories to 100gm of water, temperature will rise by 0.1℃

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3
Q

Temperature

Land heats and cools more QUICKLY or SLOWLY compared to the sea

A

QUICKLY

  • Sea stays at a more or less constant temperature
  • Land will heat up and cool down more quickly

2

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4
Q

Temperature

What is the name given to the process of ice turning directly into a gas

A

SUBLIMINATION

DIAGRAM

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5
Q

Temperature

What is the name given to the process of gas turning directly into a ice

A

DESUBLIMATE

DIAGRAM

3

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6
Q

Temperature

The process of sublimation will GIVE or TAKE latent heat

A

TAKE

DIAGRAM

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7
Q

Temperature

The process of desublimate will GIVE or TAKE latent heat

A

GIVE

DIAGRAM

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8
Q

Temperature

What name is given to the process of ice turning into water

A

MELTING

DIAGRAM

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9
Q

Temperature

What name is given to the process of water turning into gas

A

EVAPORATING

DIAGRAM

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10
Q

Temperature

What name is given to the process of gas turning into water

A

CONDENSING

DIAGRAM

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11
Q

Temperature

What name is given to the process of water turning into ice

A

SOLIDIFYING

DIAGRAM

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12
Q

Temperature

What must be present in order for sublimation to take place

A

NUCLEI OR OBJECT

  • Sublimnation will only occur if there is something present for the ice crystals to form on, either vegetation, existing ice crystals or small particles of atmospheric dus known as sublimation nuclei

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13
Q

Temperature

The effectiveness of a particle as a condensation nucleus is dependant on 1 of 2 states. A nucleus that is said to be water attracting is known as what

A

HYGROSCOPIC

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14
Q

Temperature

The effectiveness of a particle as a condensation nucleus is dependant on 1 of 2 states. A nucleus that is said to be water repelling is known as what

A

HYDROPHOBIC

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15
Q

Temperature

The process of sublimination or desublimation, melting, evaporating, condensing and solidifying are all changes of state. A change of state will always ____ or ____ energy

A

RELEASE or ABSORB

6

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16
Q

Temperature

What is insolation

A

HEATING OF EARTHS SURFACE BY THE SUN

  • A measure of the solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time
  • REMEMBER - inSOLation = same as SOLar

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17
Q

Temperature

“A measure of the solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time”

This is the definition of what

A

INSOLATION

  • Heating of the earths surface by the sun
  • REMEMBER - inSOLation = same as SOLar

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18
Q

Temperature

What is the average temperature in Kelvin of the radioative surface of the sun

A

5800 K

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19
Q

Temperature

The sun emits the most significant energy in what 2 bands

A
  1. ULTRAVIOLET
  2. INFRARED

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20
Q

Temperature

The sun emits smaller amounts of energy in what 4 bands

A
  1. RADIO
  2. MICROWAVE
  3. X-RAY
  4. GAMMA

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21
Q

Temperature

The time of the trip from the Sun to the earths surface of energy transmitted in bands

A

8 MIN

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22
Q

Temperature

Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for absorbing most of the energy from ultraviolet rays

A

OZONE

8

23
Q

Temperature

Where does the most intense surface heating of the earth occur and why

A
  1. EQUATOR
  2. SPREAD OF SOLAR RADIATION

  • Earth is a sphere. Intensity of radiation arriving from the sun is the same whatever the angle it arrives at the earth however, the spread over the surface of the earth depends on the angle it arrives
  • At the equator it does not have as much spread as where it arrives at higher latitudes

EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2

9

24
Q

Temperature

When a mass absorbs radiation and its temperature increases, the amount of increase in temperature is dependant on the material the object is made of. The amount of heat it can change by is known by what

A

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

  • For any given quantity of heat energy that is absorbed by the Eearths surface, the rise in temperature will depend on the specific heat of the surface material
  • Water has a specific heat of 1 (think of Specific gravity as similar equations i.e. AVGAS is 0.73, water is 1.0. Same with materials when it comes to quantifying specific heat. It is measured against water)

11

25
Q

Temperature

The amout of energy that the sea will absorb from solar radiation, and how much it will reflect, is dependant on what

A

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

  • Oceans absorb radiation that arrives at high angles of incidence, such as at the tropics, but reflect more when the angle of arrival is low

EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2

10

26
Q

Temperature

The 2 key factors that determine the percentage of the suns energy that is absorbed by the earth

A
  1. SURFACE TYPE
  2. ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

The percentage of the suns energy that is absorbed by the earth depends on the type of surface and the angle of arrival of the radiation

10

27
Q

Temperature

An object made of a material with a specific heat value of 1.0 will have a HIGHER or LOWER temperature increase than an object made of a material with a secpfici heat value of 0.5

A

LOWER

0.5 TEMP INCREASE > 1.0 temp increase

  • The higher the specific heat property, the lower the temperature increase

11

28
Q

Temperature

The atmosphere temperature increase will be HIGHER or LOWER over land than over sea

A

HIGHER

  • Objects over land have a lower specific heat value than water, which is 1.0
  • Objects such as concrete, soil etc.. will absorb more heat energy and therefore increase in temperature
  • This will in turn mean they radiate more heat into the atmosphere thus warmer over land than over sea

11

29
Q

Temperature

What are the 4 major contributors to greenouse effects and what are their percentage contribution

A
  1. WATER VAPOUR | 36 - 70%
  2. CO² | 9 - 26%
  3. METHANE | 4 - 9%
  4. OZONE | 3 - 7%

12

30
Q

Temperature

The Earth radiates energy in SHORT or LONG wavelengths

A

LONG

13

31
Q

Temperature

The Sun radiates energy in SHORT or LONG wavelengths

A

SHORT

16

32
Q

Temperature

The earth heats the atmosphere by which 3 means

A
  1. RADIATION
  2. CONVECTION
  3. CONDUCTION

13

33
Q

Temperature

A transfer of heat at the surface into the air through contact is known as what

A

CONDUCTION

  • REMEMBER - Conduct sounds like Contact

14

34
Q

Temperature

Air is a GOOD or POOR conductor of heat

A

POOR

  • As a result, heat transferred into air on a still calm day means the layer of heat will remain relatively shallow at the surface of the earth unless there is a means of distributing the heat aloft
  • This can happen through turbulence, which can distribute heat up from the surface

14

35
Q

Temperature

The name given to heating of the atmosphere aloft through conduction due to the air mixing

A

TURBULENCE HEATING

14

36
Q

Temperature

The method of transfer of heat aloft through the vertical movement of air is known as what

A

CONVECTION

  • REMEMBER - ConVection is Vertical

15

37
Q

Temperature

Forced convection in which air is forced up and over a range of mountains can also be known by what name

A

MECHANICAL TURBULENCE

15

38
Q

Temperature

The process of thermal convection is where the heated air has a ____ than its surroundings and therefore rises

A

LOWER DENSITY

15

39
Q

Temperature

The process of air cooling and water vapour condensing into clouds will give of what in the condensation process

A

LATENT HEAT

15

40
Q

Temperature

Long wave radiation from the earth radiates out to space. However, a portion of it is re-radiated back to the earth from what in the sky

A

CLOUDS

17

41
Q

Temperature

What is the net percentage of the atmospheres heat sources;

  1. Long wave radiation
  2. Warm air convection
  3. Latent heat convection
A
  1. 42%
  2. 12%
  3. 46%

17

42
Q

Temperature

“The horizontal movement of air which transfers energy along a horizontal plane”

This is the definition of what

A

ADVECTION

  • Warm Air Advection = WAA
  • Cold Air Advection = CAA

18

43
Q

Temperature

Advection transfer energy along what plane, and as a result is not responsible for heating the troposphere, buy only redistributing it.

A

HORIZONTAL

18

44
Q

Temperature

What would you commonly associate a Warm Air Advection (WAA) with

A

WARN FRONT

18

45
Q

Temperature

What would you commonly associate a Cold Air Advection (CAA) with

A

COLD FRONT

19

46
Q

Temperature

What does ITCZ stand for

A

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

20

47
Q

Temperature

In January, land masses in the NORTHERN or SOUTHERN hemisphere will be warmer

A

SOUTHERN

JANUARY
JULY

20

48
Q

Temperature

In July, land masses in the NORTHERN or SOUTHERN hemisphere will be warmer

A

NORTHERN

JANUARY
JULY

21

49
Q

Temeprature

Which direction does the earth rotate around the sun

A

ANTI-CLOCKWISE

EXAMPLE

50
Q

Warm moist air from the sea that arrives over colder surfaces of land will form what weather phenomina

A

ADVECTION FOG

21

51
Q

Temperature

Radiation fog is dependant on the ____ in surface temperature

A

DIURNAL VARIATION

DIURNAL VARIATION

22

52
Q

Temperature

The minimum surface temperatures occur at what point of the day

A

30 MIN AFTER SUNRISE

DIURNAL VARIATION

23

53
Q

Temperature

The maximum surface temperatures occur at what point of the day

A

2-3 HOURS AFTER MIDDAY

DIURNAL VARIATION

23

54
Q

Temperature

On a cloudy, overcast night, the Diurnal range will be MORE or LESS than compared to a clear night (excluding any other factors such as wind or sea breezes)

A

LESS

  • Overcast night prevents as much radiation from the surface escaping into space and is re-radiated back down

DIURNAL VARIATION

23

ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Meteorology (27 decks)

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