2444 Exam Flashcards
What indicates infarction/injury on a 12 lead?
ST elevation
What indicates ischemia on a 12 lead?
ST depression, inverted T waves
What indicates previous cardiac injury/cardiac tissue necrosis?
Deep Q waves. (⅓ of QRS wave is MI).
What leads represent the inferior portion of the heart?
II, II, AvF
What leads represent the lateral portion of the heart?
I, AvL, V5, V6.
What leads represent the anterior portion of the heart?
V3, V4
What leads represent the septal portion of the heart?
V1, V2
The right coronary artery is represented by what leads?
II, III, and AvF
The left anterior descending (LAD) artery is represented by what leads?
V1-V6
The left circumflex artery is represented by which leads?
I, AvL
What does a P wave represent?
Atrial depolarization
How long is a normal PRI?
0.12-0.20 or 3-5 small boxes
What does a prolonged PRI indicate?
The atria is holding the charge it received from the SA node for longer than it should. Not necessarily a problem with the SA node, but the AV node.
What is the speed measurement of EKG paper?
25mm/sec. One small box represents 0.04 seconds.
What is the normal width of the QRS?
0.08-0.12 or 2-3 small boxes
What does a wide QRS indicate?
slower spread of ventricular depolarization. It is taking longer for the ventricles to contract.
What does the QRS indicate?
Ventricular depolarization
What does the T wave indicate?
Ventricular repolarization.
BP, diet, exercise, stress, and sugar intake are all examples of ____ cardiac issues
modifiable
age, race, sex, and FMHx are all examples of ____ cardiac issues
non-modifiable.
Normal conduction rate for the SA node?
60-100
Normal conduction rate for the AV node?
40-60
Normal conduction rate for the perkinje fibers?
20-40
Sinus Bradycardia?
less than 60
Sinus Tachycardia
greater than 100
Junction escape rate?
40-60
Accelerated Junctional rate?
60-100
Junctional tachycardia rate?
greater than 100
What can cause a wide QRS?
BBB, Vtach, hypertrophy, SVT with a BBB.
Sudden onset, pain ripping or tearing sensation, pain radiating to the neck, back, shoulders, or abdomen. Stridor or hoarseness, two different BP, dysphagia are all S/S of what pathology?
Thoracic Aortic aneurysm.
Lower abdominal pain on the left side, palpable abdominal pulse, lower back/flank pain, unequal or absent distal pulses are all S/S of what pathology?
AAA
What is the pathway for a drop of blood through the heart?
Vena cava, RA, Tricuspid, RV, Pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, bicuspid valve, LV, aortic arch.
Adenosine dose and indication?
6mg
12mg
12mg
SVT
Amiodarone HCL dose and indication
Vfib and Vtach w/o pulse
300mg
150mg
Vtach w/ pulse
150mg/10 min.
Atropine dose and indication
symptomatic bradycardia
0.5mg q 3-5 min max 3mg
Dopamine dose and indication
Symptomatic bradycardia and nonhypovolemic hypotension
2-20mcg/kg/min
effects start at 5-10 mcg/kg/min
Epi 1:10 dose and indication
CA
1mg IV q 3-5 min
Lebetalol dose and indication
Unstable angina, non q wave MI, AAA, SVT with RVR, Vtach refractory to lidocaine
5-10mg IV repeat to total of 20mg IVP. Goal of 115-130 mmHg diastolic BP
Levophed dose and indication
Neurogenic and cariogenic shock and septic shock. RSOC to achieve BP > than 90
BP <70
8-12mcg/min
Lidocaine dose and indication
CA from VT/VF
Maintenance infusion @ROSC associated w/ VT/VF
CA - 1-1.5mg/kg q 5-10 min to max of 3 mg.
ROSC - 1-4mg/min
Magnesium sulfate indication and dose?
Torsades
1-2g over 10 min.
Morphine indication and dose
Cardiac chest pain unrelieved by nitro
2-4mg q3-5 min to hypotension or respiratory depression
Nitroglycerine indication and dose
Chest pain of cardiac origin
0.4mg sublingual
Sodium bicarb dose and indication
prolonged CPR
1mEq/kg