1355 Exam Flashcards
If a patient is complaining of pelvic pain, pelvic injury is suspected, or pelvic injury is present, do not:
Palpate the pelvis and be very careful.
____ is a tearing of a joint capsule of connective tissues, specifically a ligament or ligaments. Injury causes acute pain followed shortly by inflammation and swelling.
Sprain
____: minor and incomplete tear, painful and swelling is minimal.
Grade 1 Sprain
____: significant but incomplete tear. Swelling and pain moderate to severe.
Grade 2 sprain
____: complete ligament tear. Severe pain and spasm.
Grade 3 sprain
____: occur when muscle fibers are overstretched by forces that exceed the fiber strength. Occurs during extreme muscle stress, heavy lifting, or sprints.
Strains
____: is a complicated process that ultimately disrupts the continuity of a bone.
Fracture
Stable fracture. small crack that doesn’t disrupt the total structure
hairline fracture
stable fracture. impact on itself resulting in a compressed but aligned bone
impacted fracture
unstable fracture, a complete break in a bone that runs straight across at about 90 degree angle
Transverse fracture
Unstable fracture. runs at angle across the bone.
Oblique fracture
Unstable fracture. Is several small fragments of bone caused by high velocity bullet or crush injury.
Communicated fracture
Fracture involving a twisting motion that may result in a curved break around the bone.
Spiral fracture
Stable. prolonged or repeated stress.
Fatigue fracture (stress fracture.)
Pediatric fracture. Is like a bent green twig and only disrupts on the side of the long bone.
Greenstick fracture.
Plantar fasciitis, inflammation that can be caused by excessive walking, is called:
Nontraumatic inflammation.
If a patient has a Carotid pulse, the corresponding BP is at least:
60 palp
If a patient has a femoral pulse, the corresponding BP is at least:
70 palp
If a patient has a radial pulse, the corresponding BP is at least:
80 palp
Head injuries require re-evaluation of vital signs every:
5 mintues
What are signs of Cushing’s syndrome for head trauma patients? occurs as a result of increased ICP.
Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations. (also known as Cushing triad)
What is the #1 concern for burn patients?
Airway
Why is the airway the greatest cause of concern for pediatric burn patients?
The airway is the last thing to develop (narrow glottic opening).
What is the most lethal aspect of geriatric burns?
skin
Stabbing, or being shot with an arrow, is an example of _____ penetrating trauma.
low energy
Gun shot (pistol) is an example of ____ penetrating trauma.
medium energy
Gun shot (rifle) is an example of _____ penetrating trauma.
high energy
____: is an open wound that penetrates more deeply into the dermis than an abrasion. Tends to involve smaller surface area being limited to the tissue around the penetration.
Laceration.
______: is a type of laceration that involves a small entrance wound with damage that extends into the body’s interior. It carries an increased danger of infection.
Puncture wound
______: when an injury involves a larger blood vessel, most commonly an artery, blood can separate tissue and pool in a pocket. Blood trapped in a pocket usually caused by blunt force.
Hematoma.
What is a sucking chest wound caused by and how is it managed?
Sucking chest wound is an open pneumothorax. Treat with 3 sided dressing. This allows air to escape and supply O2. Do this when the patient has open PTX and is in respiratory distress. Chest wall may make audible sucking sounds.
How often to ventilate an unconscious person?
every 6 seconds.
What is Beck’s triad?
muffled heart sounds, JVD, and narrowing pulse pressure.
What are the signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade?
Becks Triad (muffled heart sounds, JVD, and narrowing pulse pressure)
Liver failure, right sided heart failure, tension pneumothorax, diaphragmatic rupture, or cardiac tamponade can all cause:
JVD
What happens as a result of diaphragmatic rupture?
Air will go straight into the abdominal wall and create JVD.
What is the pneumonic for treating basic sprains and strains?
ABC, RICE (rest, immobilization, cold pack, elevation.)
How are fractures treated?
Pulse check, immobilize, re-check pulse, and treat pain.
______: hitting someone on the top of the head and all force goes to the feet.
axial loading
Where does axial loading usually cause injuries?
Compression injuries to the spine between t12 and L2
Quadriplegics have the phrenic nerve controlling the ____ and the ____.
diaphragm and bladder.
What is a common complication with quadriplegics?
Incontinence. (person will most likely have a Foley catheter)
What are the major signs of neurogenic shock?
irregular breathing and vasodilation.
Where is the Le Fort fracture 1 location?
Horizontal; alveolar ridge (mustache)
Where is the Le Fort fracture 2 location?
Pyramidal; nasofrontal suture (Tip of the nose)
Where is the Le Fort Fracture 3 location?
horizontal; craniofacial dislocation (Lower eye orbit.)
What is the #1 concern for penetrating trauma to the face or neck?
airway compromise
____ is the best treatment for a conscious/talking patient with penetrating trauma.
Rapid transport.
Superficial burn is also known as
first degree
partial thickness burn is also known as
second degree
full thickness burn is also known as
third degree
How is a burn treated?
sterile, dry dressing
When dealing with an injured football player, what is the rule for removing helmet and pad?
Either leave it all on or take it all off.
If it is decided to leave the motorcycle helmet on, then pad ______
under the shoulders
For pediatric traumas involving need for immobilization:
pad under the shoulders
What dressing is used to treat a sucking chest wound?
occlusive dressing.
Sucking chest wounds, tension pneumothorax, and arterial bleeding all get:
treated immediately upon discovery during the rapid trauma assessment due to their life threats.
What is the most common wound with motorcycle injuries?
abrasions
Electrical burns have a tendency to enter the ____ and go out of the ____.
right hand; right or left foot.
When evaluating an electrical burn, the entry and exit points must be identified in order that:
everything in-between can be treated.
What are electrical burns considered a critical call?
they can burn the entire cardiovascular system.
How many cervical spine are there?
7
How many thoracic spine are there?
12
How many lumbar spine are there?
5
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5