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Paramedic Class 27 > 2434 Exam > Flashcards

2434 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, and sodium thiosulfate are what kind of drugs?

A

Used for hydrogen cyanide poisoning.

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2
Q

What drug for acute hydrogen cyanide poisoning must be used first?

A

Amyl Nitrate

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3
Q

What is SLUDGEM and what is it used for?

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Deification
Gastrointestinal hypermotility with emesis

Used to describe the signs and symptoms of acute organophosphate poisoning.

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4
Q

How do you treat organophosphate poisoning in the pre-hospital setting?

A

Atropine 2-5mg and Pralidoxime Chloride

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5
Q

What does a Mark 1 Kit consist of?

A

Two autoinjectors containing Atropine Sulfate and Pralidoxime Chloride (2-PAM)

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6
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread?

A

fecal matter

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7
Q

How are Hepatitis B, C, and D spread?

A

Blood to blood contact, IV drug use.

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8
Q

Can oral glucose be given to someone with a known diabetic hx and is altered?

A

Yes, if they can tolerate it. Benefits outweigh the consequences.

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9
Q

What should be checked if a patient is unresponsive or has altered LOC, snoring respirations, and high BP?

A

check sugar, do CSS.

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10
Q

Can antibiotics be used for a viral STD such as Herpes?

A

no

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11
Q

Gonorrhea and Syphilis are examples of what kind of STD?

A

bacterial. can be treated with antibiotics

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12
Q

When giving a patient report to the hospital, what should you make sure to include?

A

Pain, signs/symptoms, and time of onset.

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13
Q

What are renal calculi?

A

Kidney stones, also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.

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14
Q

What is the order of operations for a patient with severe anaphylaxis?

A

oxygen - Epi - benadryl - steroids.

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15
Q

What medication can be used for a patient with a localized allergic reaction?

A

Benadryl

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16
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

Tenderness over the RLQ. Indicative of appendicitis. It is the name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. This is near the most common location to the appendix.

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17
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the gallbladder in?

A

RUQ

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18
Q

What is Murphy’s sign?

A

indicative of cholecystitis. crampy visceral pain in the RUQ.

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19
Q

Where is the pancreas and what are common symptoms of pancreatitis?

A

LUQ and pain after eating/drinking alcohol.

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20
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the liver in and what are common signs/symptoms of hepatitis?

A

RUQ with constant pain, radiating to the shoulder.

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21
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the spleen in and what are the common signs/symptoms of an inflamed spleen?

A

LUQ. Constant pain with radiation of pain to the left shoulder.

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22
Q

What is another name for addison’s disease?

A

adrenal insufficiency

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23
Q

This disease is an uncommon disorder that occurs when your body does not produce enough of certain hormones. The adrenal glands produce little cortisol and often too little aldosterone.

A

Addison’s disease

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24
Q

What is the treatment for addison’s disease and what populations are affected by it?

A

Hormone replacement. Disease occurs in all age groups and both sexes.

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25
Q

What causes hemorrhoids?

A

chronic hypertension in the renal portal. Increases blood flow and creates swelling.

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26
Q

What is the first drug given with cardiac chest pain when not having shortness of breath?

A

aspirin.

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27
Q

What test must be done for patients complaining of headache?

A

cincinnati stroke scale

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28
Q

Anytime we are exposed to something that can induce an immune response is called a???

A

antigen

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29
Q

How many/what percentage of the population end up having appendicitis?

A

5-10%
15-30 million people

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30
Q

What is the name of the disease that causes constant inflammation of the stomach and intestines?

A

Crohn’s

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31
Q

What is the name of an acute episode of stomach inflammation? (also known as a stomach bug)

A

Gastroenteritis

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32
Q

What is more prevalent, strokes or parkinsons?

A

Strokes
strokes affect 500,000 and parkinsons 50,000

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33
Q

What is more prevalent, Epilepsy or stroke/parkinsons?

A

Epilepsy

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34
Q

How is a person with a history of psychiatric illness treated differently when complaining of something not psych related like abdominal pain?

A

They are not. Psych patients are treated normally when complaining of something not related to the mental illness

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35
Q

What medication are people experiencing an acute psychiatric crisis given?

A

Haldol or Versed

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36
Q

Anytime we have upper GI bleeding, it is going to be separated from lower GI bleeding by:

A

the ligament of Treitz

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37
Q

what is the ligament of treitz and where is it located?

A

thin band of tissue that connects and supports the end of the duodenum and the beginning of the jejunum.

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38
Q

what is the most common sign or symptom of an acute myocardial infarction/heart attack?

A

chest pain/pressure. can also have nausea and vomiting and pallor

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39
Q

What is the biggest possible issue with TCP?

A

not getting mechanical capture

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40
Q

People with angina typically also have ___

A

Coronary artery disease

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41
Q

Why are ketones produced in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Catabolism of fatty acids. Body switching from burning sugar for energy to fatty acids which causes the creation of ketones

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42
Q

What are you likely to hear when listening to the lungs of someone with congestive heart failure?

A

Rales, pulmonary edema causing crackles

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43
Q

When someone is having a heart attack, sometimes the heart rate will ___ to reduce cardiac output and reduce oxygen demand to the heart.

A

slow

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44
Q

How is someone with a hx of renal failure and acute fluid retention and hyperkalemia treated?

A

oxygen and consider sodium bicarb for hyperkalemia. Dialysis for definitive care.

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45
Q

Retention of blood volume

A

vascular system

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46
Q

What is the reason we maintain volume in the vascular system?

A

plasma proteins pull fluid in the vascular area and help retain it.

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47
Q

Anytime we have someone on prednisone, atroven, betamethasome, inhalers, most are used for ???

A

asthma treatment

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48
Q

In the event of a stoke, transport the patient on the ____ or ____ side up.

A

paralyzed side down or brain side up

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49
Q

When a patient has lower back pain radiating to genetalia, what would you be concerned for?

A

kidney stone. ask the patient if they have had this pain before.

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50
Q

What is myxedema?

A

doughy edematous skin with very thin hair. Most likely have a history of hypothyroidism.

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51
Q

What is the main mechanism of hyperthyroidism.

A

increases, speeds everything up.

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52
Q

If someone is paralyzed on their right side from a stroke, how would you transport them?

A

put them on their right side to protect it.

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53
Q

What is usually caused by parasites in the epidermis layer of the skin with intense itching and pimply rash?

A

scabies

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54
Q

What is mild alteration that is of sudden onset called?

A

acute psychosis

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55
Q

If examining a patient that has back pain, jaw pain, and irregular heartbeat that is considered a critical finding of _____

A

ischemia or cardiac events. patients may go into cardiac arrest and may require CPR

56
Q

Patients with lower right abdominal pain do not want to palpate over it due to ____?

A

positive mcburney’s point tenderness indicative of appendicitis. palpating too hard can cause the appendix to rupture.

57
Q

How much more affinity does CO have to hemaglobin than oxygen?

A

200-300x

58
Q

Right sided MI such as inferior wall MI preload is ???

A

hypotensive

59
Q

What percent of diabetes is type 2 vs type 1?

A

type 2 - 90% type 1 - 10%

60
Q

CHF with ____ cannot tolerate CPAP, nitro, morphine, and lasix.

A

hypotension

61
Q

Anytime a medical assessment is being completed, what can you use to help you figure out what is going on?

A

context clues. look around the house for things relevant to the patients current illness such as a bucket to vomit in to.

62
Q

What types of abdominal assessments are performed/helpful pre-hospital?

A

palpation and percussion. listening to bowel sounds is not helpful pre-hospital and wont give much info.

63
Q

What can percussion of the abdomen tell you?

A

blood in the abdomen.

64
Q

CHF patients when they have trouble breathing when they lay flat have ____?

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

65
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

sudden onset of SOB at night usually indicative of CHF.

66
Q

What does a patient likely have if the only way poop can come out is through vomit? Looks like M&M’s in vomit.

A

Severe bowel obstruction

67
Q

What is the most common cause of seizures?

A

idiopathic

68
Q

What is a critical sign of dehydration in a patient having an endocrine emergency?

A

dry skin. If a patient has dry skin, they are extremely dehydrated.

69
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas is called

A

pancreatitis

70
Q

inflammation of the appendix is called

A

appendicitis

71
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder is called

A

cholecystitis

72
Q

Inflammation of the liver is

A

hepatitis

73
Q

What happens with an aspirin overdose?

A

causes metabolic acidosis.

74
Q

What is another name for aspirin?

A

acetyl salicilic acid.

75
Q

What is the antidote for metabolic acidosis from aspirin overdose?

A

sodium bicarb

76
Q

What is the name for swollen veins in the rectum or anus?

A

hemorrhoids

77
Q

Anytime someone has compensatory mechanism with cardiogenic shock they are going to try and improve

A

preload

78
Q

What is our main goal with managing cardiogenic shock?

A

improve respiratory efficiency and try to give pressor to increase peripheral vascular resistance

79
Q

What do you do when you have a patient with a toxic exposure?

A

contact poison control

80
Q

What signs and symptoms will you see with anaphylaxis

A

urticaria (hives), tachycardia, hypertension

81
Q

What is one of the last symptoms in severe anaphylaxis that indicates decompensation?

A

bradycardia

82
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cushings triad?

A

bradycardia, irregular respirations, hypertension

83
Q

What is cushing’s triad a sign of?

A

increased ICP

84
Q

What can long term tylenol administration or acute OD cause?

A

liver failure after 6-8 hours and gets worse over several days

85
Q

What population is more likely to have an aortic aneurysm?

A

tall, thin, males

86
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm?

A

Hypotension with severe lower abdominal pain. Treat the same as hemorrhagic shock

87
Q

What does fulminant mean?

A

Severe sudden onset (typically with sickness) infections

88
Q

What is the universal blood donor?

A

O-

89
Q

What is the universal blood recipient?

A

AB+

90
Q

What usually causes flank pain radiating to the groin?

A

renal calculi

91
Q

What is the number 1 goal with treating sexual assault?

A

treat the patient

92
Q

What should you be concerned about if several people in a building are complaining of headache, confusion, and/or AMS?

A

CO poisoning. get everyone out.

93
Q

What is the treatment for CO poisoning?

A

Hyperbaric chamber

94
Q

Pain as a result of previous brain/spine injury developed after the fact is known as?

A

Central pain syndrome or phantom pain

95
Q

Productive cough with green sputum and one sided congestion are signs of what disease pathology?

A

Pneumonia

96
Q

Trace a drop of blood through the heart

A

Vena cava - RA - tricuspid valve - RV - Pulmonary arteries - Lungs (exchange CO2 and O2) - pulmonary veins - LA - bicuspid (mitral) - LV - aortic valve

97
Q

If someone is extremely tachycardic and has an MI, what drug do you consider?

A

Lebetalol (beta blocker) will help as it relaxes the blood vessels by lessening oxygen demand.

98
Q

What is the BGL goal for a diabetic adult?

A

80

99
Q

What is the BGL goal for a diabetic kid?

A

60

100
Q

What is the BGL goal for a diabetic infant?

A

40

101
Q

What type of poisoning would you suspect with a person exposed to pesticide/cleaning solution?

A

organophosphate poisoning

102
Q

What is the dose for treating OP poisoning with atropine?

A

2-5mg till secretions stop

103
Q

Can kidney stones be hereditary?

A

yes

104
Q

What is the antidote for atropine overdose?

A

physostigmine (#74 pick D)

105
Q

What do peaked T waves on a 12 lead indicate?

A

hyperkalemia

106
Q

what is the treatment for hyperkalemia?

A

calcium chloride and bicarb

107
Q

True or false, most people do not end up with rectal foreign bodies unintentionally

A

true

108
Q

What is the treatment for somebody with a rectal obstruction, foreign body insertion?

A

Position of comfort and transport

109
Q

Multiple seizures in a row without consciousness indicates?

A

The patient is critical, status epilepticus.

110
Q

What is the treatment for status epilepticus?

A

stop the seizure then find out what caused it

111
Q

_____ is considered acute elevation of BP requiring intervention within 1 hour.

A

hypertensive emergency

112
Q

Distal portion of GI system is external anal rectal sphinctor and gives control over ____

A

pooping

113
Q

What is important to remember when instructing family members about seizures?

A

Do not put anything in the patients mouth. Can cause teeth to break and airway obstruction

114
Q

What could be the cause for a person suddenly gaining a lot of weight and lethargy?

A

thyroid gland issue.

115
Q

What is the most common endocrine gland to have issues?

A

thyroid gland

116
Q

Fever, headache, stiff neck (torticollis), and light sensitivity are all signs of what disease pathology?

A

Meningitis

117
Q

What is usually the problem if the patient has pain in the RUQ after eating?

A

Choleycycstitis

118
Q

What is an important piece of equipment to prepare prior to intubating a patient?

A

Suction

119
Q

What is a late sign of anaphylaxis?

A

drop in blood pressure

120
Q

What is an important thing to remember when treating someone who is developmentally delayed?

A

take more time to explain what is going on so everybody has a clearer understanding.

121
Q

What is an anaphylactic reaction to an antigen that the person has never been exposed to before called?

A

anaphylactoid

122
Q

Where does a bundle branch indicate a problem in the heart?

A

Left anterior decending

123
Q

What vessel in the heart is usually the issue when problems with the SA node or right ventricle are seen on a 12 lead?

A

RCA

124
Q

What are risk factors for an ischemic stroke?

A

Afib, DM, HLD, genetics

125
Q

What are risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke?

A

HTN.

126
Q

What is a TIA?

A

ischemic stroke that essentially fixes itself within 24 hours with no deficits

127
Q

What is the difference in onset between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes?

A

Ischemic is usually slow and hemorrhagic is fast

128
Q

What is the treatment for diverticulitis?

A

diet change by eating high fiber food

129
Q

What organs cause visceral pain?

A

hallow organs

130
Q

What organs cause somatic pain?

A

solid organs

131
Q

What are the differences between somatic and visceral pain?

A

Visceral is crampy and somatic is pin point solid structure pain.

132
Q

What causes Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Too much cortisol for a long period of time. Can result from taking oral corticosteroid medication or the body might just produce too much cortisol.

133
Q

What is the treatment for Cushing’s syndrome?

A

oxygen and transport

134
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

increased temp

135
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

low temp, low HR, decreased metabolism, thinning hair

136
Q

What are the signs of thyroid medication OD/toxcicity?

A

high temp and tachycardia

137
Q

What is the most common cause of a seizure?

A

idiopathic

Paramedic Class 27 (11 decks)

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