24.1 d-block elements Flashcards
which orbital do d-block elements have their highest electron in?
d orbitals
what are the properties of d-block elements?
they are metallic
high melting point
shiny
conduct electricity
which d-block elements have a different electron configuration?
chromium
copper
why do chromium and copper have a different electron configuration?
an electron from it’s 4s orbital is given to the 3d orbital for stability
what is the order of losing electrons in d-block elements?
the 4s is emptied first
then the 3d
what is the order of gaining electrons in d-block elements?
the 4s is filled first
then the 3d
what is a transition element?
d-block elements that forms at least one ion with a PARTIALLY filled d-orbital
which elements are d-block elements but not transition metals?
Scandium
Zinc
what ion does Sc form?
3+
what is the electron configuration of Sc3+?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
why is Scandium not a transition metal?
because it’s d-orbitals are empty as they have no electrons
therefore it’s d orbitals are not partially occupied so it cannot be a transition metal
what ion does Zn form?
2+
what is the electron configuration of Zn2+?
1s2 2s2 sp6 3s2 3p6 3d10
why is Zinc not a transition metal?
it has fully occupied d orbitals
therefore it’s d orbitals are not partially occupied so it cannot be a transition metal
what are the properties of transition metals?
- form compounds with different oxidation states
- form coloured compounds
- can act as catalysts
what is the relationship between colour and oxidation number?
different oxidation numbers for the same transition metal can give different colours
Fe(II) colour
pale green
Fe(III) colour
yellow
Cr(III)
green
Cr(VI)
yellow/orange
which processes use a transition metal as a catalyst?
haber process
contact process
hydrogenation
decomposition of H2O2
catalyst for Haber process?
iron
catalyst for contact process?
vanadium (V) oxide
catalyst for hydrogenation?
nickel
