23. Urgent states in neurology - retention of urine, swallowing disturbances, respiratory disturbances

Question 1

Retention of urine

Answer 1

Nerves that tell the brain the bladder is full are, damaged.

Causes: Stroke or infection. A sign of demyelinating disease (MS) or parkinsons.

Question 2

Swallowing disturbances (dysphagia)

Answer 2

Causes: Stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease and other degenerative neurological disorders (ALS, MS, progressive supranuclear palsy, HD, myasthenia gravis)

Question 3

Respiratory arrest

Answer 3

Dep. of the resp. center (Medulla oblongata) can be the result of sudden loss of blood circulation in the brain, heavy brain trauma, neuroinfections, brain tumors, damage of the brainstem.