2.2 Part 1 Flashcards
The __________ is considered the “fundamental” sex because if a particular chemical prompting is absent, all fertilized eggs will develop into _______.
female sex
females
_______ is the stage of development at which individuals become ________.
Its outcome is different for boys and girls, but the __________ is similar.
Puberty
sexually mature
hormonal process
The term __________ describe the areas of the body that are highly sensitive to _______ and are often (but not always) ________.
In this context, “_________” means these areas of the body have a high number of _________ or ________ that react to stimuli.
erogenous zones
stimuli
sexually exciting
highly sensitive
sensory receptors
nerve endings
These are places where a person is generally more sensitive to both pain and pleasure than in other areas of the body.
Erogenous zones
The skin serves as the primary ____________.
erotic stimulus
Two types of erogenous zones exist in the skin
Nonspecific type
Specific type
The ________ is the retractable fold of skin covering the tip of the penis. Nontechnical name: ________. It is also a similar fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris.
prepuce
foreskin
The _______ is a male erectile organ of __________ by which urine and semen are discharged from the body
Penis
copulation
Female external genitalia (vulva) include:
•
•
•
•
•
• mons pubis
• clitoris
• labia majora & labia minora
• Vaginal introitus
• hymen
A female sexual organ that is small, sensitive, and located in front of the opening of the vagina.
Clitoris
The ________ are fleshy lips around the vagina.
These are larger outer folds of the vulva.
labia majora
The ________ also known as the inner labia, inner lips, vaginal lips or nymphae are two flaps of skin either side of the human vaginal opening in the vulva situated between the labia majora.
labia minora
_________ is the opening that leads to the vaginal canal.
Vaginal introitus
The _______ is a membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening.
hymen
It refers to the area of the body surrounding the anus, and in particular, the skin.
Perianal skin
It is susceptible to injury and damage.
Perianal skin
The ____ are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech.
lips
Human lips are designed to perceived by ______, and can be an __________ when used in kissing and any other acts of ______.
touch
erogenous zone
intimacy
______ are the raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast.
Nipples
The _____________ refers to the sequence of physical and emotional occurrences when the person is participating in a sexually stimulating activity, such as intercourse or masturbation
sexual response cycle
______________ and ______________ pioneered research to understand human sexual response, dysfunction, and disorders.
William Masters and Virginia Johnson
Four phases of the human sexual response cycle:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Resolution
It is the process of combining male and female genes to form an offspring
sex
It is the largest sex organ controlling the biological urges, mental processes, as well as the emotional and physical responses to sex.
Brain
The ______ is responsible for translating the _______ sensed by the skin into ______________.
brain
nerve impulses
pleasurable sensations
• It controls the nerves and muscles used in sexual activities.
• Sexual thoughts and fantasies are theorized to lie in the _______, the same area used for thinking and reasoning.
• brain
• cerebral cortex
Emotions and feelings (which are important for sexual behavior) are believed to originate in the __________.
limbic system
The brain releases the _________ considered as the physiological origin of ________.
hormones
sexual desire
The 1.)________ is the most important part of the brain for ____________. One reason the 1.)__________ is important in human sexual activity is its relation to the __________.
hypothalamus
sexual functioning
pituitary gland
The ____________ secretes the hormones produced in the hypothalamus.
pituitary gland
________ is also known as the “love hormone” and believed to be involved in our desire to maintain _________.
Oxytocin
close relationships
It is released during sexual intercourse when orgasm is achieved.
Oxytocin
____________ is responsible for ovulation in females.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The 1.)___________ is crucial in regulating the testes in men and ovaries in women. In men, the 1.)__________ stimulates the testes to produce 2.)__________. In males, 2.)_________ appears to be a major contributing factor to sexual motivation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
testosterone
In males, appears to be a major contributing factor to sexual motivation.
Testosterone
_________ is involved in the male arousal phase.
Vasopressin
The increase of vasopressin during ___________ is believed to be directly associated with increased motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
erectile response
___________ and __________ typically regulate motivation to engage in sexual behavior for females, with ________ increasing motivation and ________ decreasing it.
Estrogen and progesterone
estrogen
progesterone
It is a rush of longing, passion, and euphoria.
Falling in love
Anthropologist ________ of Rutgers University proposed three stages of falling in love; and for each stage, a different set of chemicals run the show.
The three stages of falling in love are:
1. ______ (__________);
2. ________ (__________); and
3. ________ (__________).
Helen Fisher
- Lust (erotic passion);
- Attraction (romantic passion); and
- Attachment (commitment).
• This stage is marked by physical attraction.
• You want to seduce and be seduced by your object of affection.
• It is driven by testosterone in men and estrogen in women.
• It will not guarantee that the couple will fall in love in any lasting way.
Lust
At this stage, you begin to crave for your partner’s presence. You feel excitement and energetic as you fantasize about the things you could do together as a couple.
Attraction
Three chemicals that trigger attraction
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
It is esponsible for the extra surge of energy and triggers increased heart rate, loss of appetite, as well as the desire to sleep. Your body is in a more alert state and is ready for action.
Norepinephrine
It is associated with motivation and goal-directed behavior. It makes you pursue your object of affection. It creates a sense of novelty, where the person seems exciting, special, or unique that you want tell the world about his or her admirable qualities.
Dopamine
1.)_________ - thought to cause obsessive thinking. Low levels of 1.)________ are said to be present in people with ____________ (OCD). Meanwhile, a study found that those who expressed they were in love and people with OCD both had less serotonin transporter in their blood compared to those who did not express they were in love and do not have OCD as well.
Serotonin
obsessive-compulsive behavior
_________ involves the desire to have lasting commitment with your significant other. At this point, you may want to get married and/or have children.
Attachment
_________ is typically viewed as an interest in sexual objects or activities.
• it is the subjective feeling of wanting to engage in sex.
Sexual desire
• represents a basic, biologically mediated motivation to seek sexual activity or sexual gratification.
• represents a more complex psychological experience that is not dependent on hormonal factors.
Sex drive
Factors that influence the notable gender difference on sexual desire include:
•
•
•
• Culture;
• Social environment; and even
• Political situations
Animal research suggests that limbic system structures, such as the _______ and ________, are especially important for sexual motivation.
amygdala and nucleus accumbens
It is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.
Amygdala
Also referred to as the pleasure center
Nucleus accumbens
Plays a role in motivation and cognitive processing of aversion. It has a significant role in response to reward and reinforcing effects, translating emotional stimulus into behaviors.
Nucleus accumbens
