2.1

Question 1

The nature of beauty is one of the most enduring and controversial themes in _______.

Answer 1

western philosophy

Question 2

Traditionally, it was among the ultimate values along with goodness, truth, and justice.

Answer 2

Beauty

Question 3

Beauty, traditionally, was among the ultimate values along with _______, ______, and ________.

Answer 3

goodness, truth, and justice

Question 4

Beauty was a primary theme among _______, _______, and _________;

Answer 4

ancient Greek
Hellenistic
medieval philosophers

Question 5

By the beginning of the ___________, beauty was in decline as a subject of ____________. However, there were signs of revived interest by the early 2000s.

Answer 5

twentieth century
philosophical inquiry

Question 6

The two most-debated views about beauty are:
1.
2.

Answer 6

1. Beauty is objective
2. Beauty is subjective

Question 7

Before the _______, most Western philosophical views on beauty treated it as an _______ quality.

For example: (names)
•
•
•

Answer 7

18th century
objective

• St. Augustine
• Plato
• Aristotle

Question 8

He asked whether things were beautiful because it gave delight, or whether it gave delight because it was beautiful. He believed it to be the latter.

Answer 8

St. Augustine

Question 9

He connected beauty as a response to love and desire.

Answer 9

Plato

Question 10

________ asserted that beauty exists in the realm of 2.)______, and that objects are found beautiful because they are a _______ of the idea of beauty that already exist in the realm of 2.)______.

Answer 10

Plato
2. Forms
reflection

Question 11

_________ asserted that the chief forms of beauty are ______, _______, and ________ that can be demonstrated by __________.

Answer 11

• Aristotle
• order, symmetry, and definiteness
• mathematical sciences

Question 12

By the ________, beauty was associated with _______ as a _______.

Some philosophers who hold this view are:
•
•
•

Answer 12

18th century
pleasure
personal preference

Some philosophers who hold this view are:
• David Hume
• Immanuel Kant
• Francis Hutcheson

Question 13

_________ - “Beauty is no ______ in things themselves: It exists merely in the _____ which contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty.

One person may even perceive _______, where another is sensible of _______; and every individual ought to acquiesce in his own sentiment, without pretending to regulate those of others”

Answer 13

David Hume
quality
mind

deformity
beauty

Question 14

__________ - “The judgment of ______ is therefore not a judgment of _______, and is consequently not _______ but ________, by which we understand that whose determining ground can be no other than ______”

Answer 14

Immanuel Kant
taste
cognition
logical
aesthetical
subjective

Question 15

___________ - “The perception of beauty does depend on the external sense of sight, however, the internal sense of beauty operates as an internal or reflex sense. The same is the case with hearing: hearing music does not necessarily give the perception of ________ as it is distinct from the hearing”

Answer 15

Francis Hutcheson
reflex sense
harmony

Question 16

The term for a makeup artist in _________ is derived from the root “______” which means, “_______,_______.”

Answer 16

Egyptian hieroglyphic
sesh
to write, to engrave

Question 17

_________ is an error in reasoning, evaluating, remembering, or any other mental process that is often a result of holding on to one’s preferences and beliefs regardless of contrary information.

Answer 17

Cognitive bias

Question 18

Cognitive bias is an error in _______, ________, ________, or any other mental process that is often a result of holding on to one’s preferences and beliefs regardless of contrary information.

Answer 18

reasoning, evaluating, remembering

Question 19

Halo effect also known as the ____________________ and the “________________” principle

Answer 19

physical attractiveness stereotype
what is beautiful is good

Question 20

_______ refers to the tendency of people to rate ________ more favorably for their ___________ or ___________ as compared to those who are less attractive.

Answer 20

Halo effect

attractive individuals
personality traits or characteristics

Question 21

___________ found that ______ hold certain fundamental and important characteristics that could indicate a person’s quality as a romantic partner and as a mate.

Answer 21

evolutionary psychology

faces

Question 22

Among the most important and consistent factors in facial attractiveness are 1.)________ of the face.

This 1.)________ are also ________.

Answer 22

structural qualities
Sex-typical

Question 23

Our ________ sculpt our faces. These sex-typical facial features of adult men and women the result of the _________ to _______ ratio or estrogen to testosterone, respectively, acting on the individual during development.

Answer 23

hormones
testosterone to estrogen (v v)

Question 24

For the _____ a beautiful body was considered direct evidence of a _________. They even had a word for it-________ - which meant being gorgeous to look at, and hence being a good person.

Answer 24

Greeks
beautiful mind
kaloskagathos

Question 25

_______ has a significant impact on how a person feels about himself or herself, as well as his or her ________.

Answer 25

Culture
body image

Question 26

_______ can either be a positive or a negative influence on body image and on self-esteem.

Answer 26

Cultural traditions

Question 27

________ is generally defined as how one thinks and feels toward one’s body

Answer 27

Body image

Question 28

People see _____________ as an integral part of who they are. Hence, they are more likely to engage in events and behaviors that are related to their culture - choose friends, media, and even marital partners from their culture

Answer 28

cultural group membership

Question 29

The term self-esteem was coined by _________ in _____.

Answer 29

William James
1800

Question 30

James presented self-esteem as the number of ________ a person achieves in the domains of life that are important to him or her, divided by the number of _______ that occurred in those areas.

Answer 30

successes
failures

Question 31

In the ______s. _________ defined self-esteem in terms of an attitude concerning one’s ______ as a person

Answer 31

1960s
behavioral scientists
worth

Question 32

It is about how you value yourself and how you feel others value you.

Answer 32

Self-esteem

Question 33

It is how you view your |physical body|, whether you feel you are attractive, and how you feel some other people like your looks.

Answer 33

Body image

Question 34

For many people, it isclosely linked to self-esteem.

Answer 34

Body image