[22] FINALS | INFANCY Flashcards
1
Q
a period of dramatic physical changes & developmental achievements
A
INFANCY
2
Q
Age range of INFANCY
A
0-1 years old
3
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
- At birth, infant’s weight increases by ____ /month
- By 5-6 months, infant’s weight increases twice the amount from birth weight (____ kg average)
- By 1 year old, infant’s weight increases thrice the amount from birth weight is (____ kg average)
A
- At birth, infant’s weight increases by 0.68 kg /month
- By 5-6 months, infant’s weight increases twice the amount from birth weight (6 - 7.26 kg average)
- By 1 year old, infant’s weight increases thrice the amount from birth weight is (9 - 9.75 kg average)
4
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
WEIGHT
- Infants who are ____ after 6 months have greater weight than those who are ____ beyond 6 months
A
WEIGHT
- Infants who are bottle-fed after 6 months have greater weight than those who are breastfed beyond 6 months
5
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
Height
- increases by ____ /month during the first 6 months
- slows during the second 6 months - ____
- During the first year the infant increases height by ____%
A
Height
- increases by 2.5cm (1in.)/month during the first 6 months
- slows during the second 6 months - 1.25 cm/1/2 inch
- During the first year the infant increases height by 50%
6
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
HEIGHT
- 1-5 months: +____ cm/month
- At 6 months: total height is ____ cm
- By 12 months: ____% increase in length (____ cm average)
A
HEIGHT
- 1-5 months: +2.5 cm/month
- At 6 months: total height is 65 cm
- By 12 months: 50% increase in length (74 cm average)
7
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
- 1-3 months: +____ cm /month
- 4-6 months: +____ cm / month
- 6-12 months: +____ cm /month
A
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
- 1-3 months: +2 cm /month
- 4-6 months: +1 cm / month
- 6-12 months: +0.5 cm /month
8
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
- At 6 months: ____ cm average
- At 12 months: ____% increase (46 cm average)
- There is also a ____ times increase in brain weight
- (-) P____
A
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
- At 6 months: 43 cm average
- At 12 months: 33% increase (46 cm average)
- There is also a 2 1/2 times increase in brain weight
- (-) Primitive reflexes
9
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
CLOSURE OF CRANIAL SUTURES
- Anterior Fontanel: ____ months (____ months average)
- Posterior Fontanel: ____ weeks
A
CLOSURE OF CRANIAL SUTURES
- Anterior Fontanel: 12-18 months (14 months average)
- Posterior Fontanel: 6-8 weeks
10
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
CHEST
- ____ diameter > ____ diameter
- By 1 year old
CC ____ HC
weight of the ____ doubled
A
CHEST
- lateral diameter > AP diameter
- By 1 year old
CC = HC
weight of the heart doubled
11
Q
PROPORTIONAL CHANGES
- BY THE END OF THE INFANT PERIOD – the ____ is prominent
- THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE CHEST – Is less than that of the head at birth by about ____
- ABDOMEN - remains ____ until the child has been walking
- ____ - develop as infant hold up their head
A
- BY THE END OF THE INFANT PERIOD – the lower jaw is prominent
- THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE CHEST – Is less than that of the head at birth by about 2cm
- ABDOMEN - remains protuberant until the child has been walking
- CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR VERTEBRAL CURVES - develop as infant hold up their head
12
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
SENSES
- A____ acuity at adult level
- V____ acuity begins to improve
- B____ fixation (fixation of 2 ocular images into one cerebral picture):
begins to develop by ____ weeks of age
Should be well established by age ____ months
A
SENSES
- Auditory acuity at adult level
- Visual acuity begins to improve
-
Binocular fixation (fixation of 2 ocular images into one cerebral picture):
begins to develop by 6 weeks of age
Should be well established by age 4 months
13
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
SENSES
- Depth perception (____)
(ability to perceive depth or 3D space) - Begins to develop by age ____ to ____ months but may exist earlier
A
SENSES
- Depth perception (stereopsis)
(ability to perceive depth or 3D space) - Begins to develop by age 7 to 9 months but may exist earlier
14
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES
VISION
- Ask parents to consider how all these t____ must appear from an infant’s viewpoint
HEARING
- Provide s____ sound or c____ voices
- Avoid harsh or loud bangs to avoid startle
- Recording of m____ or family voices sounds can be soothing
- Encourage parents to r____ to their child daily
A
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES
VISION
- Ask parents to consider how all these trapping must appear from an infant’s viewpoint
HEARING
- Provide soft musical sound or cooing voices
- Avoid harsh or loud bangs to avoid startle
- Recording of maternal heart or family voices sounds can be soothing
- Encourage parents to read to their child daily
15
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES
TOUCH
- Maintain s____ contact
- Clothes should feel comfortable, soft rather than rough
- Diapers should be dry rather than wet
- Teach parents to handle infants with a____ yet with g____
- Reminds parents that their child is a baby
A
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES
TOUCH
- Maintain skin to skin contact
- Clothes should feel comfortable, soft rather than rough
- Diapers should be dry rather than wet
- Teach parents to handle infants with assurance yet with gentleness
- Reminds parents that their child is a baby
16
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES
TASTE
- Solid food is introduced as early as ____ months
- Urge parents to make m____ a time for fostering trust as well as supplying nutrition
SMELL
- ____ hours after birth infant can smell accurately
- They identify the familiar smell of b____
A
DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES
TASTE
- Solid food is introduced as early as 6 months
- Urge parents to make mealtime a time for fostering trust as well as supplying nutrition
SMELL
- 1 to 2 hours after birth infant can smell accurately
- They identify the familiar smell of breast milk
17
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
- Respiratory rate slows down from ____ breaths/min to ____ breaths/min by the end of the first year
- A____ respiratory movements
- Short straight E____
- T____ proximal to the short bronchi
A
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
- Respiratory rate slows down from 30-60 breaths/min to 20-30 breaths/min by the end of the first year
- Abdominal respiratory movements
- Short straight Eustachian tube
- Trachea proximal to the short bronchi
18
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
HEART
- Heart rate: from ____ bpm to ____ bpm by the end of first year
- Rhythm: s____
- ____ pressure rises during the first 2 mos.
- ____ pressure decreases during the first 3 mos, & then gradually rises to values close to those at birth.
- B____ - fluctuating
A
HEART
- Heart rate: from 110-160 bpm to 100-120 bpm by the end of first year
- Rhythm: sinus arrhythmia
- Systolic pressure rises during the first 2 mos.
- Diastolic pressure decreases during the first 3 mos, & then gradually rises to values close to those at birth.
- BP - fluctuating
19
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
HEMATOPOIETIC
- F____ (HgbF)
- present for the first ____ months
- (+) p____ at 2-3
months
A
HEMATOPOIETIC
-
Fetal hemoglobin (HgbF)
- present for the first 5 months
- (+) physiologic anemia at 2-3
months
20
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- Digestive processes are relatively ____
- S____ is secreted in small amounts
- D____ is common
- Majority of the digestive processes begin at ____ mos.
- Immaturity of the digestive processes is evident in the appearance of s____
- L____ is the most immature of all GI organs
- At 12 months: ____ meals/day + ____ bottle of milk at night
- may have ____ BM daily.
A
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- Digestive processes are relatively immature
- Saliva is secreted in small amounts
- Drooling is common
- Majority of the digestive processes begin at 3 mos.
- Immaturity of the digestive processes is evident in the appearance of stools
- Liver is the most immature of all GI organs
- At 12 months: 3x meals/day + 1 bottle of milk at night
- may have 1 or 2 BM daily.
21
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
IMMUNOLOGIC
- ____ present in large amounts in colostrum
- Immune system becomes functional by at least ____ months
- Can actively produce both immune globulin ____ and ____ antibodies by 1 year.
A
IMMUNOLOGIC
- IgA present in large amounts in colostrum
- Immune system becomes functional by at least 2 months
- Can actively produce both immune globulin IgG and IgM antibodies by 1 year.
22
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
THERMOREGULATION
- More efficient
- S____ in response to cold
- Ability to adjust to cold is mature by ____ mos
- Has develop a____ for insulation
A
THERMOREGULATION
- More efficient
- Shivering in response to cold
- Ability to adjust to cold is mature by 6 mos
- Has develop adipose tissue for insulation
23
Q
MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
RENAL STRUCTURES
- Immaturity of renal structures leads to ____
- Complete maturity kidneys at latter half of 2nd year when the cuboidal epithelium of the ____ becomes flattened
- Kidneys remain ____
A
RENAL STRUCTURES
- Immaturity of renal structures leads to dehydration
- Complete maturity kidneys at latter half of 2nd year when the cuboidal epithelium of the glomeruli becomes flattened
- Kidneys remain immature
24
Q
- ability to coordinate hand movements
- grasping & manipulating
A
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
25
Q
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Is still a reflex of the infant of the first 4 months
A
GRASPING
26
Q
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
GRASPING
- 1 month: Hands predominantly ____
- 3 months: Hands predominantly ____
- 4 months: ____ regard
- 5 months: ____ grasping
- 8-9 months: ____ grasp
- 10-12 months: ____ grasp
A
GRASPING
- 1 month: Hands predominantly closed
- 3 months: Hands predominantly open
- 4 months: Hand & Object regard
- 5 months: Voluntary grasping
- 8-9 months: Crude Pincer grasp
- 10-12 months: Neat Pincer grasp
27
Q
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
- 6 months: Holds ____; grasps ____ & pull them to mouth; feeds self ____
- 7 months: Transfers ____ from one hand to the other
- 10 months: Lets go & offers ____ to others
- 11 months: ____ objects in container
- 12 months: Tries ____ but fails
A
MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
- 6 months: Holds bottle; grasps feet & pull them to mouth; feeds self crackers
- 7 months: Transfers objects from one hand to the other
- 10 months: Lets go & offers object to others
- 11 months: Puts & removes objects in container
- 12 months: Tries tower of 2 blocks but fails
28
Q
- ability to accomplish
large body movements - head control, sitting, rolling over, locomotion
A
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
29
Q
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
HEAD CONTROL
- ____ months: Momentarily lifts head
- ____ months: Holds head beyond body plane
- ____ months: Lifts head and chest
- ____ months: Head control is well-established
A
HEAD CONTROL
- 1 month: Momentarily lifts head
- 3 months: Holds head beyond body plane
- 4 months: Lifts head and chest
- 4-6 months: Head control is well-established
30
Q
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
ROLLING OVER
- 5 months: From ____
- 6 months: From ____
- 7 months: ____ Reflex
A
ROLLING OVER
- 5 months: From abdomen to back
- 6 months: From back to abdomen
- 7 months: Parachute Reflex
31
Q
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
SITTING
- 1 month: ____
- 2-3 months: Back uniformly ____; pulls up with some head control
- 4 months: Back rounded at ____ area; with good head control
- 7 months: Sits ____
- 8 months: Sits ____
- 10 months: From ____ to sitting
A
SITTING
- 1 month: (-) sitting
- 2-3 months: Back uniformly rounded; pulls up with some head control
- 4 months: Back rounded at lumbar area; with good head control
- 7 months: Sits with support
- 8 months: Sits w/o support
- 10 months: From prone to sitting
32
Q
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
LOCOMOTION
- 4-6 months: ____ crawling
- 6-7 months: Bears weight on ____
- 9 months: ____; pulls up to stand
- 11 months: Walks ____
- 12 months: Walks ____
A
LOCOMOTION
- 4-6 months: Backward crawling
- 6-7 months: Bears weight on legs with assitance
- 9 months: Creeps; pulls up to stand
- 11 months: Walks holding on
- 12 months: Walks held on one hand
33
Q
INFANCY DESCRIBES BY THEORISTS
PSYCHOSOCIAL - TRUST VS MISTRUST
- Description: crucial element to achieve ____: quality of parent (caregiver) - child relationship & care that the infant receives; learning to delay ____
- Implication: Meeting infant’s needs at the ____
A
PSYCHOSOCIAL - TRUST VS MISTRUST
- Description: crucial element to achieve trust: quality of parent (caregiver)-child relationship & care that the infant receives; learning to delay gratification
- Implication: Meeting infant’s needs at the right time & consistently
34
Q
INFANCY DESCRIBES BY THEORISTS
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
- Period from birth to ____ months
- Infants progress from ____ behavior to simple ____ acts to imitate activity
- Crucial events: separation, ____, ability to use symbols or mental representation
A
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
- Period from birth to 24 months
- Infants progress from reflex behavior to simple repetitive acts to imitate activity
- Crucial events: separation, object permanence, ability to use symbols or mental representation
35
Q
INFANCY DESCRIBES BY THEORISTS
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
First Stage (from birth-1 month)
- Identified by the infant’s use of ____
- At birth, infant’s individuality is expressed through the ____ reflexes of sucking, rooting, grasping, & crying.
A
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
First Stage (from birth-1 month)
- Identified by the infant’s use of reflexes
- At birth, infant’s individuality is expressed through the physiologic reflexes of sucking, rooting, grasping, & crying.
36
Q
INFANCY DESCRIBES BY THEORISTS
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Second Stage Primary circular reactions (1-4 mos)
- Beginning of the replacement or reflexive behavior with ____
- Infants incorporate & adapt their ____ to the environment & recognize the stimulus that produces a ____.
Ex. babies will wiggle their fingers, kick their legs & suck their thumbs. These are not reflex actions. They are done intentionally – for the sake of the pleasurable stimulation produced.
A
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Second Stage Primary circular reactions (1-4 mos)
- Beginning of the replacement or reflexive behavior with voluntary acts
- Infants incorporate & adapt their reactions to the environment & recognize the stimulus that produces a response.
Ex. babies will wiggle their fingers, kick their legs & suck their thumbs. These are not reflex actions. They are done intentionally – for the sake of the pleasurable stimulation produced.
37
Q
INFANCY DESCRIBES BY THEORISTS
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Third Stage Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 mos.)
- ____ reactions are repeated & prolonged for the response that results
- New processes of human behavior: Imitation, play, affect (including ____ )
Ex. a child will purposefully pick up a toy in order to put it in his or her mouth or infant who shakes the rattle for the pleasure of hearing the sound that it produces
A
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Third Stage Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 mos.)
- Primary circular reactions are repeated & prolonged for the response that results
- New processes of human behavior: Imitation, play, affect (including stranger anxiety)
Ex. a child will purposefully pick up a toy in order to put it in his or her mouth or infant who shakes the rattle for the pleasure of hearing the sound that it produces
38
Q
INFANCY DESCRIBES BY THEORISTS
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Fourth Stage Coordination of secondary schemas & their application to new situations (8-12 mos.)
- Increasing ____ allow for greater exploration of the environment.
- O____
- Marks beginning of ____ (ability to use their acquired knowledge to reach a goal)
Ex. infant will not just shake the rattle, but will reach out and knock to one side an object that stands in the way of it getting hold of the rattle
A
COGNITIVE - SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
Fourth Stage Coordination of secondary schemas & their application to new situations (8-12 mos.)
- Increasing motor skills allow for greater exploration of the environment.
- Object permanence
- Marks beginning of intellectual reasoning (ability to use their acquired knowledge to reach a goal)
Ex. infant will not just shake the rattle, but will reach out and knock to one side an object that stands in the way of it getting hold of the rattle
39
Q
DEVELOPMENT OF BODY IMAGE
- K____ are the first perceptions of their body
- M____ is the principal area of pleasurable sensations
- By end of first year:
recognize that they are distinct from their parents
increasing i____
A
- Kinesthetic & tactile experiences are the first perceptions of their body
- Mouth is the principal area of pleasurable sensations
- By end of first year:
recognize that they are distinct from their parents
increasing interest in image (mirror)
40
Q
DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER IDENTITY
- begins in ____
- influenced by parents’ & significant others’ actions or responses to a child’s early manifestations of ____
A
- begins in utero
- influenced by parents’ & significant others’ actions or responses to a child’s early manifestations of sexuality
41
Q
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
ATTACHMENT
- For the first few weeks, respond indiscriminately to anyone
- ____ wks: cry, smile, & vocalize more to the ____ than to anyone else
- ____ mos: show a distinct preference for the ____
A
ATTACHMENT
- For the first few weeks, respond indiscriminately to anyone
- 8 to 12 wks: cry, smile, & vocalize more to the mother than to anyone else
- 6 mos: show a distinct preference for the mother
42
Q
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
ATTACHMENT
____ may happen:
- Not being cuddly with parents
- Failing to make eye contact with significant others
- Poor impulse control
- Being destructive to self & others
A
ATTACHMENT
Reactive attachment disorder may happen:
- Not being cuddly with parents
- Failing to make eye contact with significant others
- Poor impulse control
- Being destructive to self & others
43
Q
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- Between ages 4-8 mos, infant progresses through the first stage of separation-individuation (awareness of self & mother as separate being)
- By 11-12 months, able to anticipate imminent departure by watching mother’s behaviors, & begins to protest before she leaves.
A
SEPARATION ANXIETY
44
Q
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- Between 6-8 months, fear of strangers & stranger anxiety become prominent
A
STRANGER FEAR
45
Q
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- First means of verbal communication is ____
Can be a message of urgency
Can signal displeasure
Mostly related to physiologic needs - Crying tends to ____ by 12 wks.
- Vocalizations heard during crying eventually become ____
A
- First means of verbal communication is CRYING
-Can be a message of urgency
-Can signal displeasure
-Mostly related to physiologic needs - Crying tends to decrease by 12 wks.
- Vocalizations heard during crying eventually become syllables & words
46
Q
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- Vocalizes as early as ____ wks of age by making small throaty sounds.
- By ____ mos, make single vowel sounds such as ah, eh, uh
- By ____ mos, consonants n, k, g, p, & b are added & infants coo, gurgle & laugh aloud.
A
- Vocalizes as early as 5-6 wks of age by making small throaty sounds.
- By 2 mos, make single vowel sounds such as ah, eh, uh
- By 3-4 mos, consonants n, k, g, p, & b are added & infants coo, gurgle & laugh aloud.
47
Q
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- By ____ mos., imitate sounds, add the consonants t, d, & w & combine syllables (e.g. “dada”), but do not ascribe meaning to the word until ____ mos of age.
- By ____ mos., comprehend the meaning of the word “no” & obey simple commands.
- By age ____ year, can say 3-5 words with meaning.
A
- By 6 mos., imitate sounds, add the consonants t, d, & w & combine syllables (e.g. “dada”), but do not ascribe meaning to the word until 10-11 mos of age.
- By 9-10 mos., comprehend the meaning of the word “no” & obey simple commands.
- By age 1 year, can say 3-5 words with meaning.
48
Q
PLAY
- Primarily ____; revolves on own body
- Play is dependent; pleasure is demonstrated by a quieting attitude (____ mo.), a smile (____ mos.), or a squeal (____ mos.).
- By ____ mos.: laugh aloud, show preference for certain toys & become excited when food or a favorite object is brought
A
- Primarily narcissistic; revolves on own body
- Play is dependent; pleasure is demonstrated by a quieting attitude (1 mo.), a smile (2 mos.), or a squeal (3 mos.).
- By 4 mos.: laugh aloud, show preference for certain toys & become excited when food or a favorite object is brought
49
Q
PLAY
- By 6 months to 1 year- Actual games such as ____ are played.
- At ____ mos., usually refuse to play with strangers
- At ____ mos., extend their arms to be picked up
- At ____ mos., cough to make their presence known
- At ____ mos., pull the parent’s clothing
- At ____ mos., call them by name
A
- By 6 months to 1 year- Actual games such as peek-a-boo & pat-a- cake are played.
- At 6-8 mos., usually refuse to play with strangers
- At 6 mos., extend their arms to be picked up
- At 7 mos., cough to make their presence known
- At 10 mos., pull the parent’s clothing
- At 12 mos., call them by name
50
Q
- Important in determining parent-child relationships
- The more discord or lack of harmony with the child’s ____ & parent’s ability to accept & deal with the behavior, the more at risk for parent-child conflicts.
A
TEMPERAMENT
51
Q
TEMPERAMENT
- To accustom the infant to new people, parents are encouraged to have close friends & relatives visit often.
- Talking to infants when leaving the room, allowing them to hear one’s voice on the telephone & using transitional objects.
A
1.SEPARATION & STANGER FEAR
52
Q
TEMPERAMENT
2.THUMB SUCKING & USE OF PACIFIER
- No need to restrain ____ sucking of fingers.
- ____ may occur if thumb sucking persists past 4 years of age, or 6 years as indicated by some authorities, or when the permanent teeth erupt
A
2.THUMB SUCKING & USE OF PACIFIER
- No need to restrain non-nutritive sucking of fingers.
- Malocclusion may occur if thumb sucking persists past 4 years of age, or 6 years as indicated by some authorities, or when the permanent teeth erupt
53
Q
TEMPERAMENT
3.TEETHING
- Eruption of the ____ (primary) teeth
- First primary teeth to erupt - ____ (6-8 mos.)
- Followed closely by the ____
A
3.TEETHING
- Eruption of the deciduous (primary) teeth
- First primary teeth to erupt - lower central incisors (6-8 mos.)
- Followed closely by the upper central incisors
54
Q
TEMPERAMENT
3.TEETHING
- A quick guide to assessment of deciduous teeth during the first 2 years is:
- ____ = the number of teeth
A
3.TEETHING
- A quick guide to assessment of deciduous teeth during the first 2 years is:
- Age of the child in mos – 6 = the number of teeth
55
Q
TEMPERAMENT
3.TEETHING
- Signs of teething: d____, f____ or b____ of hard objects
- Discomforts due to teething is common.
- Mgt: Giving of ____ or ____ wrapped in clean cloth or towel
A
3.TEETHING
- Signs of teething: drooling, finger sucking or biting of hard objects
- Discomforts due to teething is common.
- Mgt: Giving of frozen teething ring or ice cubes wrapped in clean cloth or towel
56
Q
TEMPERAMENT
4.WEANING
- Process of giving up ____ (from breast or bottle to a cup)
- More infants show signs of readiness during the second half of the first year when they have learned that good things come from spoon.
- Imitation becomes a powerful motivator by age ____ or ____ months, & they enjoy using a cup or glass like others do
A
4.WEANING
- Process of giving up one method of feeding for another (from breast or bottle to a cup)
- More infants show signs of readiness during the second half of the first year when they have learned that good things come from spoon.
- Imitation becomes a powerful motivator by age 8 or 9 months, & they enjoy using a cup or glass like others do
57
Q
TEMPERAMENT
5.HEAD BANGING
- Advise parents to ____ so infants cannot hurt themselves and reassure them this is a normal mechanism for the relief of ____ in children of this age
A
5.HEAD BANGING
- Advise parents to pad the rails of the crib so infants cannot hurt themselves and reassure them this is a normal mechanism for the relief of tension in children of this age
58
Q
TEMPERAMENT
6.SLEEP CONCERNS
- infants should be placed on their ____ to sleep until they are able to roll over on their own @ ____ months of age.
- ____ is discouraged
- ____ babies tend to wake more often than those who are _____
A
6.SLEEP CONCERNS
- infants should be placed on their back to sleep until they are able to roll over on their own @ 4 months of age.
- Co sleeping is discouraged
- breastfeed babies tend to wake more often than those who are formula fed
59
Q
TEMPERAMENT
7.CONSTIPATION
- breastfeed infants are rarely constipated because their stool tends to naturally loose
- constipation may occur in ____ infant from something as simple as if their diet is deficient in ____. This can be corrected simply by offering more fluid.
A
7.CONSTIPATION
- breastfeed infants are rarely constipated because their stool tends to naturally loose
- constipation may occur in formula fed infant from something as simple as if their diet is deficient in fluid. This can be corrected simply by offering more fluid.
60
Q
TEMPERAMENT
8.LOOSE STOOL
- stools of breastfed infants are generally ____ than those of formula fed infants
- an infant who is formula fed can have ____ stool if the formula is not diluted properly
- occasionally loose stool may begin with the introduction of ____
A
8.LOOSE STOOL
- stools of breastfed infants are generally softer than those of formula fed infants
- an infant who is formula fed can have loose stool if the formula is not diluted properly
- occasionally loose stool may begin with the introduction of vegetables and fruits
61
Q
TEMPERAMENT
9.COLIC
- a ____ that generally occurs in infants younger than 3 months and is marked by loud and intense crying
- caused by ____ or swallowing too much ____ while feeding
A
9.COLIC
- a paroxysmal abdominal pain that generally occurs in infants younger than 3 months and is marked by loud and intense crying
- caused by overfeeding or swallowing too much air while feeding
62
Q
TEMPERAMENT
10.SPITTING UP
- almost all infant spits up, although the ____ baby appears to do this more than ____ possible due to overfeeding
A
10.SPITTING UP
- almost all infant spits up, although the formula feed baby appears to do this more than breastfed babies possible due to overfeeding
63
Q
TEMPERAMENT
11.DIAPER DERMATITIS
- Promote frequent ____
A
11.DIAPER DERMATITIS
- Promote frequent diaper change
64
Q
TEMPERAMENT
12.MILARIA
- p_____
- bathing an infant ____ a day during hot weather
- adding small amount of ____ to the bath water
A
12.MILARIA
- prickly heat rash
- bathing an infant twice a day during hot weather
- adding small amount of baking soda to the bath water
65
Q
TEMPERAMENT
- putting the infant to bed with a bottle can result in decay of all the upper teeth and lower posterior teeth
A
13.BABY BOTTLE TOOTH DECAY
66
Q
TEMPERAMENT
14.OBESITY IN INFANTS
- As a general rule, an infant should take no more than ____ oz of formula daily and shouldn’t be breastfeeding more often than every ____ hours.
A
14.OBESITY IN INFANTS
- As a general rule, an infant should take no more than 32 oz of formula daily and shouldn’t be breastfeeding more often than every 2 hours.
67
Q
INFANT NUTRITIONAL HEALTH
INTRODUCTION OF SOLID FOOD
- First solid food is introduced at ____ months
- Offer ____ for the first 6 months
- ____ reflex needs to fade before the infants accept food readily
- Cereal, vegetable and fruits, meat and eggs, table food
A
INTRODUCTION OF SOLID FOOD
- First solid food is introduced at 6 months
- Offer formula or breastmilk for the first 6 months
- Extrusion reflex needs to fade before the infants accept food readily
- Cereal, vegetable and fruits, meat and eggs, table food
68
Q
INFANT NUTRITIONAL HEALTH
TIPS TO HELP INTRODUCE SOLID FOOD TO INFANT
- Introduce one food at a time waiting ____ days between new item
- Introduce the food before the ____ if the child is hungry
- Introduce small amount of new food ( ____ teaspoon) at time
- Respect infant food preferences
- Use only minimal to no ____ or ____
- Remember that the ____ reflex is present for the first 4 to 6 months of life
- To prevent aspiration, do not place ____ in bottles to drink with formula
- Promote “____” attitude even if you don’t like the food.
- At ____ months of age, infants become interested in handling a spoon and beginning to feed themselves
A
TIPS TO HELP INTRODUCE SOLID FOOD TO INFANT
- Introduce one food at a time waiting 3 to 7 days between new item
- Introduce the food before the formula or breastmilk if the child is hungry
- Introduce small amount of new food (1 or 2 teaspoon) at time
- Respect infant food preferences
- Use only minimal to no salt or sugar
- Remember that the extrusion reflex is present for the first 4 to 6 months of life
- To prevent aspiration, do not place food in bottles to drink with formula
- Promote “you’ll like this” attitude even if you don’t like the food.
- At 6 months of age, infants become interested in handling a spoon and beginning to feed themselves
69
Q
PROMOTING INFANT DEVELOPMENT IN DAILY ACTIVITIES
BATHING
- Bath time should be enjoyable
DIAPER AREA CARE
- Change diaper every ____ hours
- Wash the ____ every diaper change
- Do not use ____
- Remind parents to wash their hands after diaper change
A
BATHING
- Bath time should be enjoyable
DIAPER AREA CARE
- Change diaper every 2 to 4 hours
- Wash the skin every diaper change
- Do not use baby powder
- Remind parents to wash their hands after diaper change
70
Q
PROMOTING INFANT DEVELOPMENT IN DAILY ACTIVITIES
DENTAL CARE
- ____ can begin even before the teeth erupt
- Use ____ over the gum pads
DRESSING
- Clothing for infants should be easy to launder and simply constructed so neither dressing or undressing are a struggle
SLEEP
- Most requires ____ hours of sleep at night and one or several naps during the day
EXERCISE
- Infants benefits from outing in a carriage or stroller because sunlight provide ____.
A
DENTAL CARE
- Toothbrushing can begin even before the teeth erupt
- Use soft washcloth over the gum pads
DRESSING
- Clothing for infants should be easy to launder and simply constructed so neither dressing or undressing are a struggle
SLEEP
- Most requires 10 to 12 hours of sleep at night and one or several naps during the day
EXERCISE
- Infants benefits from outing in a carriage or stroller because sunlight provide vitamin D.
71
Q
STUDY INJURY PREVENTION IN PPT!!!
A
