[10] PRELIMS | PRENATAL CARE Flashcards
PURPOSES OF PRENATAL CARE
- Establish a ____
- Determine the ____
- Monitor ____
- Identify ____
- Minimize the ____
- Provide ____
- Establish a baseline of present health
- Determine the gestational age of the fetus
- Monitor fetal development and maternal well-being
- Identify women @ risk for complications
- Minimize the risk of possible complications
- Provide education about pregnancy, lactation, and newborn care
NUTRITION
- Increase of ____
- Nutrients important in pregnancy: ____
- Note: The average recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calories for woman of childbearing age is ____.
- Increase of 300 kcal/day
- Nutrients important in pregnancy: CHON, Ca, Fe, Folic Acid (Vit. B9)
- Note:The average recommended daily allowance(RDA) of calories for woman of childbearing age is 2,200kcal.
NUTRITION
Vitamin Needs for Pregnant Woman:
* ____
* ____
* ____
* ____
Mineral Needs For Pregnant Woman:
* ____
* ____
* ____
* ____
* ____
Vitamin Needs for Pregnant Woman:
* Vit. D
* Vit. A
* Vit.C
* Folic Acid
Mineral Needs For Pregnant Woman:
* Calcium
* Iodine
* Iron
* Flouride
* Zinc
NUTRITION
RDA: 60 grams/day
Sources:
* Meat, fish, poultry, beans, lentils and other legumes; breads and cereals; and seeds and nuts
PROTEIN
PROTEIN
RDA: ____
Sources:
* Meat, fish, poultry, beans, lentils and other legumes; breads and cereals; and seeds and nuts
RDA: 60 grams/day
Sources:
* Meat, fish, poultry, beans, lentils and other legumes; breads and cereals; and seeds and nuts
NUTRITION
Nutrient: ____
RDA: Adolescent: ____; Adult: ____
Sources:
* Cereals, legumes, nuts, dried fruits, broccoli, green leafy vegetables, and canned salmon and sardines that contain bones
Nutrient: CALCIUM
RDA: Adolescent: 1300mg/day; Adult: 1000 mg/day
Sources:
* Cereals, legumes, nuts, dried fruits, broccoli, green leafy vegetables, and canned salmon and sardines that contain bones
NUTRITION
Nutrient: ____
RDA: ____
Sources:
* ____ (found in red and organ meats)
* ____ (found in plant products)
Nutrient: IRON
RDA: 30-60 mg/day
Sources:
* heme (found in red and organ meats)
* nonheme (found in plant products)
NUTRITION
Nutrient: ____
RDA: ____
Sources
* liver, lean beef, kidney and lima beans, dried beans, potatoes, whole wheat breads, peanuts, and fresh nuts dark-green leafy vegetables.
Nutrient: FOLIC ACID
RDA: 400 mcg/day
Sources
* liver, lean beef, kidney and lima beans, dried beans, potatoes, whole wheat breads, peanuts, and fresh nuts dark-green leafy vegetables.
NUTRITION
FLUIDS
* Recommended is ____ of fluids daily
FLUIDS
* Recommended is 8-10
glasses of fluids daily
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
For: ____
* Gynecological Age
* Additional ____ over the kcal/day recommended ____ increases of kcal/day
For: Pregnant Adolescent
* Gynecological Age
* Additional 200 over the kcal/day recommended 300 to 400 increases of kcal/day
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Regulate ____
- ____ for bowel movements
- ____ - w/ prenatal vitamins
- ____ - eating foods that have no nutritional value
- ____
- ____
- Regulate Sodium Intake
- Fiber Needs for bowel movements
- Vegetarian - w/ prenatal vitamins
- Pica - eating foods that have no nutritional value
- Lactose Intolerance
- GDM - Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATION
Lactation
- Calorie intake = ____ calories more than the non pregnant
- CHON intake = ____
- Calcium & iron = ____
- ____ are often continued
Lactation
- Calorie intake = 500 calories more than the non pregnant
- CHON intake = 65 mg/day
- Calcium & iron = same during pregnancy
- Vit. Supplements are often continued
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Lactation
* Fluids ____
* ____ of coffee/day
* Drugs should be taken w/ ____
* ____ is restricted even occasional single serving
Lactation
* Fluids 8-10 glasses
* 2 cups of coffee/day
* Drugs should be taken w/ health care provider’s advice
* Alcohol intake is restricted even occasional single serving
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE
- A more ____
- Decrease in ____
- More rapid return to ____ after delivery
- A more positive self-image
- Decrease in musculoskeletal discomforts
- More rapid return to pre-pregnancy weight after Delivery
P1 - GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE IN PREGNANCY
- Perform scheduled exercise periods (about ____ for ____).
- Do not perform ____ in hot, humid weather or if you have fever.
- Avoid activities that require ____ in direction like jogging.
- Measure ____ at times of peak activity
- Perform scheduled exercise periods (about 3 times/week for 30 minutes).
- Do Not perform vigorous exercise in hot, humid weather or if you have fever.
- Avoid activities that require jumping, jarring motions or rapid changes in direction like jogging.
- Measure heart rate at times of peak activity
P2 - GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE IN PREGNANCY
- Exercise on a ____
- Avoid exercises and motions that involve ____ or ____
- ____ before & after exercise.
- Eat a ____ and ____ snack before the exercise.
- Exercise on a wooden floor or a tightly carpeted surface
- Avoid exercises and motions that involve deep flexion or joint extension
- Drink fluids before & after exercise.
- Eat a protein and complex carbohydrate snack before the exercise.
P3 - GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE IN PREGNANCY
- Start with a ____ & end with a ____ period (____ each).
- End exercise program with a period of ____
- Woman who are beginning an exercise program should ____.
- Woman should ____
- Start with a warm-up & end with a cool-down period (5 min each).
- End exercise program with a period of gradually declining activity
- Woman who are beginning an exercise program should not exceed recommendation for moderate exercise.
- Woman should exercise at the same time and eat a well-balanced diet
P4 - GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE IN PREGNANCY
- Women should avoid ____ below a depth of ____ or exercising in altitudes above ____ during pregnancy.
- Women should avoid getting ____.
- Intensity of exercise should be modified
according to the ____
- Women should avoid scuba diving below a depth of 30 feet or exercising in altitudes above 8000 feet during pregnancy.
- Women should avoid getting overheated.
- Intensity of exercise should be modified
according to the “talk test.”
P5 - GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISE IN PREGNANCY
- Stop any activity and contact your health care provider if ____
- Perform strenuous activities for no longer than ____
- Do not exercise in the ____ after the ____ of pregnancy.
- Avoid exercise that employ ____
- Stop any activity and contact your health care provider if any unusual symptoms appear such as dizziness or vaginal bleeding.
- Perform strenuous activities for no longer than 20 minutes
- Do not exercise in the supine position after the 4th month of pregnancy.
- Avoid exercise that employ Valsalva maneuver (holding your breath while bearing down).
EXERCISES
- Pelvic Rocking / Pelvic Tilt
- Abdominal Muscle Contractions
- Kegel Exercises
- Tailor-Sitting
- Squatting
- ____
- ____
- ____
- ____
- ____
IMMUNIZATION
- Vaccines that may be administered in pregnancy: ____ (4)
- Contraindicated: ____ (4)
- Vaccines that may be administered in pregnancy: Tetanus Diphtheria, Recombinant Hepatitis B, Rabies & Flu Vaccines
- Contraindicated: Rubeola and Rubella, Chickenpox, Mumps, & the Sabin Poliomyelitis Vaccines
TETANUS DIPTHERIA IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
MINIMUM INTERVAL:
* Td1 - ____
* Td2 - ____ after Td1
* Td3 - ____ after Td2
* Td4 - ____ after Td3
* Td4 - ____ after Td4
MINIMUM INTERVAL:
* Td1 - As early as possible during pregnancy
* Td2 - **1 month **after Td1
* Td3 - 6 months after Td2
* Td4 - 1 year after Td3
* Td4 - 1 year after Td4
TETANUS DIPTHERIA IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
DURATION OF PROTECTION
* Td1 - ____
* Td2 - ____
* Td3 - ____
* Td4 - ____
* Td5 - ____
DURATION OF PROTECTION
* Td1 - None
* Td2 - 3 years
* Td3 - 5 years
* Td4 - 10 years
* Td5 - lifetime
SELF-CARE DURING PREGNANCY
- P____
- D____
- P____
- B____
- P____
- Personal hygiene bathing
- Dental health
- Physical activity
- Breast care
- Posture and body mechanics
TRAVEL DURING PREGNANCY
- ____ is generally safe
- Travel during pregnancy is ____
- Avoid long trips during the ____
- ____ when travelling
- Rest period every ____
- Air travel is generally safe
- Travel during pregnancy is not contraindicated for low risk pregnant women
- Avoid long trips during the 3rd trimester
- Wear seatbelts when travelling
- Rest period every 2 hours
SEXUAL ACTIVITY
Changes in normal sexual response are related to the ____ of pregnancy:
* ____ - less interested in sex
* ____ - more interested in sex
* ____ - less interest in sex
Changes in normal sexual response are related to the physiologic changes of pregnancy:
* 1st Trimester - less interested in sex
* 2nd Trimester - more interested in sex
* 3rd Trimester - less interest in sex
SEXUAL ACTIVITY
Generally no contraindications except in the presence of:
* M____
* T____
* Partner with ____
* Maternal history of ____
* Premature ____
* Premature ____
* H____
* I____
Generally no contraindications except in the presence of:
* Multiple pregnancy
* Threatened abortion
* Partner with sexually transmitted infection
* Maternal history of miscarriage following orgasm
* Premature rupture of membranes
* Premature labor
* History of abortion, bleeding
* Incompetent cervix
SEXUAL ACTIVITY
During the last ____of pregnancy, coitus is discouraged
Coitus: Sex
6 to 8 weeks
SEXUAL ACTIVITY
Facts:
* Coitus on the expected due date does ____
* ____ does not initiate preterm labor
* Coitus does ____
Facts:
* Coitus on the expected due date does not initiate labor
* Orgasm does not initiate preterm labor
* Coitus does not cause rupture of the membrane
CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Smoking – ____
- Alcohol – ____
Retardation/delays
Mental retardation
Craniofacial defects: flat midface, wide nasal bridge, thin upper lip
Cardiovascular defects
Limb defects
Impaired fine gross motor function - Caffeine - ____
- Smoking – SGA (Small for Gestational Age) newborn
- Alcohol – FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
Retardation/delays
Mental retardation
Craniofacial defects: flat midface, wide nasal bridge, thin upper lip
Cardiovascular defects
Limb defects
Impaired fine gross motor function - Caffeine - Reduce intake only
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Drugs - should only be taken by pregnant women when ____
* Intake of ____ in the first trimester can cause most adverse fetal malformations
* Illegal drugs carry the risk of acquiring ____
* ____ - being natural are not always safe because of lack of consistent potency in the active ingredient
Drugs - should only be taken by pregnant women when prescribed by their physicians
* Intake of illicit drugs in the first trimester can cause most adverse fetal malformations
* Illegal drugs carry the risk of acquiring HIV & other STD’s
* Herbal supplements - being natural are not always safe because of lack of consistent potency in the active ingredient
