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NR-NUR121 | Mother and Child Nursing (MCN) > [12] PRELIMS | COMMON DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY > Flashcards

[12] PRELIMS | COMMON DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Increased levels of HCG
  • Changes in carbohydrate metabolism
  • Emotional factors
  • Fatigue
A

NAUSEA & VOMITING

FIRST TRIMESTER

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2
Q

NAUSEA & VOMITING - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Increased levels of ____
  • Changes in ____
  • ____ factors
  • ____
A
  • Increased levels of HCG
  • Changes in carbohydrate metabolism
  • Emotional factors
  • Fatigue
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3
Q

NAUSEA & VOMITING - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Avoid ____ or ____ factors. Eat ____ or ____ before arising in morning
  • If extremely nauseated, try ____
  • Have ____ meals.
  • ____ throughout the day
  • Avoid ____ food
A
  • Avoid odors or causative factors. Eat dry crackers or toast before arising in morning
  • If extremely nauseated, try BRAT diet
  • Have small but frequent meals.
  • Sips of fluids throughout the day
  • Avoid spicy, fried, greasy foods or highly seasoned food
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4
Q

Pressure of uterus on bladder in both first & third Trimesters

A

URINARY FREQUENCY

FIRST TRIMESTER

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5
Q

URINARY FREQUENCY - FIRST TRIMESTER

Pressure of uterus on bladder in both ____

A

Pressure of uterus on bladder in both first & third Trimesters

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6
Q

URINARY FREQUENCY - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Void when ____
  • ____ fluid intake during the day
  • ____ fluid intake only in the evening to ____
  • Don’t wear ____.
  • Encouraged to ____
  • Reduce the amount of ____
A
  • Void when urge is felt
  • Increase fluid intake during the day
  • Decrease fluid intake only in the evening to decrease nocturia
  • Don’t wear tight-fitting underwear, pants, or pantyhose.
  • Encouraged to empty her bladder frequently
  • Reduce the amount of caffeine
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7
Q
  • Specific causative factors unknown
  • Hormonal changes – progesterone
  • May be aggravated by nocturia due to urinary frequency
  • Increased metabolic rate
A

FATIGUE

FIRST TRIMESTER

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8
Q

FATIGUE - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Specific causative factors ____
  • Hormonal changes – ____
  • May be aggravated by ____
  • Increased ____
A
  • Specific causative factors unknown
  • Hormonal changes – progesterone
  • May be aggravated by nocturia due to urinary frequency
  • Increased metabolic rate
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9
Q

FATIGUE - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Plan time for ____ daily
  • Go to bed ____.
  • Seek ____ so that more time is available to rest
  • ____ daily boosts your energy level
A
  • Plan time for a nap or rest period daily
  • Go to bed earlier.
  • Seek family support & assistance with responsibilities so that more time is available to rest
  • Moderate exercise daily boosts your energy level
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10
Q

Increased levels of estrogen & progesterone

A

BREAST TENDERNESS

FIRST TRIMESTER

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11
Q

BREAST TENDERNESS - FIRST TRIMESTER

Increased levels of ____

A

Increased levels of estrogen & progesterone

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12
Q

BREAST TENDERNESS - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Wear ____ bra.
  • Try wearing a bra during ____.
  • Use ____ or ____
  • Wash your breasts with ____ that will not cause dryness.
A
  • Wear well-fitting, supportive bra.
  • Try wearing a bra during the night.
  • Use gauze pads or nursing pads
  • Wash your breasts with warm water and mild soap that will not cause dryness.
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13
Q

Hyperplasia of vaginal mucosa & increased production of mucus by the endocervical glands due to increase in estrogen levels

A

INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE (LEUKORRHEA)

FIRST TRIMESTER

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14
Q

INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE (LEUKORRHEA) - FIRST TRIMESTER

____ & increased production of ____ by the endocervical glands due to increase in ____ levels

A

Hyperplasia of vaginal mucosa & increased production of mucus by the endocervical glands due to increase in estrogen levels

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15
Q

INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE (LEUKORRHEA) - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Promote ____ by ____.
  • Avoid ____.
  • Wearing ____ are more absorbent.
  • Clean the ____ often with soap and water.
  • Wipe yourself from ____.
  • Wear a ____ to control the discharge do not to use ____
A
  • Promote cleanliness by daily bathing.
  • Avoid douching.
  • Wearing cotton underpants are more absorbent.
  • Clean the vaginal area often with soap and water.
  • Wipe yourself from front to back.
  • Wear a perineal pad to control the discharge do not to use tampons
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16
Q

Elevated estrogen levels

A

NASAL STUFFINESS AND NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS)

FIRST TRIMESTER

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17
Q

NASAL STUFFINESS AND NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS) - FIRST TRIMESTER

Elevated ____ levels

A

Elevated estrogen levels

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18
Q

NASAL STUFFINESS AND NOSEBLEED (EPISTAXIS) - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Apply a ____ to your ____ to reduce congestion.
  • Avoid using ____.
  • ____
  • ____ while sleeping
  • Use a ____ to add ____ to the air.
  • Take a ____.
A
  • Apply a warm, wet washcloth to your cheeks,eyes, and nose to reduce congestion.
  • Avoid using nasal sprays.
  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Elevate your head with an extra pillow while sleeping
  • Use a humidifier or vaporizer to add moisture to the air.
  • Take a warm shower or bath.
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19
Q

Increased estrogen levels

A

PALMAR ERYTHEMA

FIRST TRIMESTER

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20
Q

PALMAR ERYTHEMA - FIRST TRIMESTER

Increased ____ levels

A

Increased estrogen levels

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21
Q

PALMAR ERYTHEMA - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • ____ lotion can be soothing
A
  • Calamine lotion can be soothing
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22
Q

Specific causative factors unknown

A

PTYALISM (EXCESSIVE OFTEN BITTER SALIVATION)

FIRST TRIMESTER

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23
Q

PTYALISM (EXCESSIVE OFTEN BITTER SALIVATION) - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Use ____ mouthwashes, chew ____ or suck ____
A
  • Use astringent mouthwashes, chew gum or suck hard candy
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24
Q

Pressure of uterus on the inferior vena cava, impairing blood return to the heart

A

HYPOTENSION

FIRST TRIMESTER

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25
Q

HYPOTENSION - FIRST TRIMESTER

Pressure of uterus on the ____, impairing ____ to the heart

A

Pressure of uterus on the inferior vena cava, impairing blood return to the heart

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26
Q

HYPOTENSION - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Sleep on their ____.
  • If they can only fall asleep on their ____, they should insert a ____ under their ____ hip
  • ____ and avoiding extended periods of ____
  • If a woman should feel ____, sitting with her head
A
  • Sleep on their side not their back.
  • If they can only fall asleep on their back, they should insert a small firm pillow under their right hip
  • Rising slowly and avoiding extended periods of standing
  • If a woman should feel faint, sitting with her head
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27
Q

This is probably because of the circulatory adjustment necessary to accommodate her increased blood supply

A

HEART PALPITATION

FIRST TRIMESTER

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28
Q

HEART PALPITATION - FIRST TRIMESTER

This is probably because of the ____ necessary to accommodate her ____ blood supply

A

This is probably because of the circulatory adjustment necessary to accommodate her increased blood supply

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29
Q

HEART PALPITATION - FIRST TRIMESTER

____ will help prevent this from happening

A

Gradual, slow movements will help prevent this from happening

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30
Q

Abdominal pressure

A

ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORTS

FIRST TRIMESTER

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31
Q

ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORTS - FIRST TRIMESTER

  • Avoid ____.
  • If you have a sudden pain in your abdomen, ____ to relieve tension and relax the tissue.
  • Apply a ____ to your back or take a ____
  • Try a ____.
  • ____.
A
  • Avoid sharp turns or movements.
  • If you have a sudden pain in your abdomen, bend forward to the point of pain to relieve tension and relax the tissue.
  • Apply a warm water bottle or heating pad to your back or take a warm bath or shower
  • Try a massage
  • Drink enough fluids
32
Q
  • Increased production of progesterone decreasing GI motility & increasing relaxation of cardiac sphincter
  • Displacement of stomach by enlarging uterus, thus regurgitation of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus
A

HEARTBURN (PYROSIS)

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

33
Q

HEARTBURN (PYROSIS) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Increased production of ____ decreasing ____ & increasing relaxation of ____
  • ____ by enlarging uterus, thus ____ into the esophagus
A
  • Increased production of progesterone decreasing GI motility & increasing relaxation of cardiac sphincter
  • Displacement of stomach by enlarging uterus, thus regurgitation of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus
34
Q

HEARTBURN (PYROSIS) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Eat ____ meals.
  • Eat ____
  • Drink ____.
  • Avoid ____, ____, ____ after eating, & ____.
  • Keep the head of your bed ____ than the foot of your bed.
  • Try to ____ at meals.
  • Try ____.
  • If maternal heartburn is severe, not relieved by antacids, and accompanied by gastrointestinal reflux, an ____ may be indicated
A
  • Eat small & more frequent meals.
  • Eat Slowly
  • Drink warm liquids.
  • Avoid overeating, fatty & fried food, lying down after eating, & sodium bicarbonate.
  • Keep the head of your bed higher than the foot of your bed.
  • Try to separate liquids and solids at meals.
  • Try heartburn relievers.
  • If maternal heartburn is severe, not relieved by antacids, and accompanied by gastrointestinal reflux, an antisecretory agent (H2 blocker) may be indicated
35
Q
  • Increased levels of progesterone, which cause general bowel sluggishness
  • Pressure of enlarging uterus on intestine
  • Iron supplements
  • Diet, lack of exercise & decreased fluids
A

CONSTIPATION

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

36
Q

CONSTIPATION - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Increased levels of ____, which cause ____
  • Pressure of enlarging uterus on ____
  • ____ supplements
  • ____, lack of ____ & decreased ____
A
  • Increased levels of progesterone, which cause general bowel sluggishness
  • Pressure of enlarging uterus on intestine
  • Iron supplements
  • Diet, lack of exercise & decreased fluids
37
Q

CONSTIPATION - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Increase ____, ____ in the diet & ____
  • Develop regular ____.
  • Use ____ as recommended by physician
A
  • Increase fluid intake, fiber in the diet & exercise
  • Develop regular bowel habits.
  • Use stool softeners as recommended by physician
38
Q
  • Imbalance of calcium/phosphorus ratio
  • Increased pressure of uterus on nerves
  • Fatigue
  • Poor circulation to lower extremities
A

LEG CRAMPS (CHARLEY HORSE)

SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER

39
Q

LEG CRAMPS (CHARLEY HORSE) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Imbalance of ____ ratio
  • Increased pressure of uterus on ____
  • ____
  • Poor circulation to ____
A
  • Imbalance of calcium/phosphorus ratio
  • Increased pressure of uterus on nerves
  • Fatigue
  • Poor circulation to lower extremities
40
Q

LEG CRAMPS (CHARLEY HORSE) - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Arise ____ from ____.
  • Be sure to eat and drink foods that are rich in ____.
  • Wear ____ shoes.
  • Try wearing ____ but avoid any leg wear that is ____.
  • ____ your legs when possible; avoid ____ your legs.
  • ____ daily.
  • ____ before going to bed.
  • Avoid lying on your ____
  • Apply ____ to affected muscle
  • Practice ____ of feet & stretch affected muscle.
A
  • Arise slowly from resting position.
  • Be sure to eat and drink foods that are rich in calcium.
  • Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes.
  • Try wearing support hose but avoid any leg wear that is too tight.
  • Elevate your legs when possible; avoid crossing your legs.
  • Exercise daily.
  • Stretch your legs before going to bed.
  • Avoid lying on your back
  • Apply heat to affected muscle
  • Practice dorsiflexion of feet & stretch affected muscle.
41
Q
  • Venous congestion in the lower veins that increases with pregnancy.
  • Heredity factors (weakening of walls of veins, faulty valves) Increased age & weight gain
A

VARICOSE VEINS

SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER

42
Q

VARICOSE VEINS - SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Venous congestion in the ____ that increases with pregnancy.
  • Heredity factors (____ of veins, ____) Increased ____
A
  • Venous congestion in the lower veins that increases with pregnancy.
  • Heredity factors (weakening of walls of veins, faulty valves) Increased age & weight gain
43
Q

VARICOSE VEINS - SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER

  • ____ legs frequently.
  • Resting in ____
  • Wear ____.
  • Avoid crossing legs at the ____, ____ for long periods, ____, & hosiery with ____.
  • ____ regularly
A
  • Elevate legs frequently.
  • Resting in sim’s
  • Wear support stockings.
  • Avoid crossing legs at the knees, standing for long periods, garters, & hosiery with constrictive bands.
  • Exercise regularly
44
Q
  • Constipation
  • Increased pressure from gravid uterus on hemorrhoidal veins
A

HEMORRHOIDS

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

45
Q

HEMORRHOIDS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Constipation
  • Increased pressure from ____ on hemorrhoidal veins
A
  • Constipation
  • Increased pressure from gravid uterus on hemorrhoidal veins
46
Q

HEMORRHOIDS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Avoid ____
  • ____ position for 10-15 min
  • Apply ____, topical ointment, ____ agents, warm soaks, or sitz baths; gently reinsert into rectum, as necessary .
  • Avoid ____ underwear, pants, or pantyhose
A
  • Avoid constipation
  • Knee-chest position for 10-15 min
  • Apply ice packs, topical ointment, anesthetic agents, warm soaks, or sitz baths; gently reinsert into rectum, as necessary .
  • Avoid tight-fitting underwear, pants, or pantyhose
47
Q
  • Increased curvature of the lumbosacral vertebrae as the uterus enlarges.
  • Increased levels of hormones, which cause softening of cartilage in the body joints.
  • Fatigue
  • Poor body mechanics
A

BACKACHE

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

48
Q

BACKACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Increased curvature of the ____ as the uterus enlarges.
  • Increased levels of hormones, which cause ____ in the body joints.
  • Fatigue
  • Poor ____
A
  • Increased curvature of the lumbosacral vertebrae as the uterus enlarges.
  • Increased levels of hormones, which cause softening of cartilage in the body joints.
  • Fatigue
  • Poor body mechanics
49
Q

BACKACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Use proper ____. Practice ____ exercise. Avoid uncomfortable working heights, high heeled shoes, lifting heavy loads, & fatigue
  • Applying ____ compress
  • Check that bed is ____.
  • Sleepon ____ side with a pillow between legs for support.
A
  • Use proper body mechanics. Practice pelvic tilt exercise. Avoid uncomfortable working heights, high heeled shoes, lifting heavy loads, & fatigue
  • Applying warm compress
  • Check that bed is firm.
  • Sleepon left side with a pillow between legs for support.
50
Q
  • Decreased vital capacity from pressure of enlarging uterus on the diaphragm
A

DYSPNEA

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

51
Q

DYSPNEA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Decreased ____ from pressure of enlarging uterus on the diaphragm
A
  • Decreased vital capacity from pressure of enlarging uterus on the diaphragm
52
Q

DYSPNEA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Use proper posture when sitting & standing
  • Sleep ____ with pillow for relief if problem occurs at night.
  • When walking, slow down and rest a few moments.
  • Caution to limit activities during the day to prevent ____
A
  • Use proper posture when sitting & standing
  • Sleep propped up with pillow for relief if problem occurs at night.
  • When walking, slow down and rest a few moments.
  • Caution to limit activities during the day to prevent exertional dyspnea
53
Q
  • Prolonged standing & sitting
  • Increased levels of sodium due to hormonal influences.
  • Circulatory congestion of lower extremities.
  • Increased capillary permeability.
  • Varicose veins
A

ANKLE EDEMA

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

54
Q

ANKLE EDEMA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Prolonged standing & sitting
  • Increased levels of ____ due to hormonal influences.
  • ____ of lower extremities.
  • Increased ____ permeability.
  • ____ veins
A
  • Prolonged standing & sitting
  • Increased levels of sodium due to hormonal influences.
  • Circulatory congestion of lower extremities.
  • Increased capillary permeability.
  • Varicose veins
55
Q

ANKLE EDEMA - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Practice frequent ____ of feet when prolonged sitting or standing is necessary.
  • Elevate legs when sitting or Resting for ____ min.
  • Avoid tight garters or restrictive bands around legs. Don’t wear tight shoes
  • Resting in a ____ position
  • Avoid foods high in ____
  • Keep your diet rich in ____
  • Drink plenty of fluids
A
  • Practice frequent dorsiflexion of feet when prolonged sitting or standing is necessary.
  • Elevate legs when sitting or Resting for 30 min.
  • Avoid tight garters or restrictive bands around legs.Don’t wear tight shoes
  • Resting in a left side-lying position
  • Avoid foods high in salt(sodium).
  • Keep your diet rich in protein
  • Drink plenty of fluids
56
Q
  • Increased activity of mother or baby.
  • Touching of the maternal abdomen.
  • Dehydration.
  • Sexual intercourse.
  • Distended maternal bladder.
A

BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

57
Q

BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Increased ____ of mother or baby.
  • Touching of the maternal abdomen.
  • ____.
  • ____.
  • Distended maternal ____.
A
  • Increased activity of mother or baby.
  • Touching of the maternal abdomen.
  • Dehydration.
  • Sexual intercourse.
  • Distended maternal bladder.
58
Q

BRAXTON HICKS CONTRACTIONS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Try to relax.
  • Change ____.
  • ____ if they do not go away.
A
  • Try to relax.
  • Change positions.
  • Call your doctor if they do not go away.
59
Q
  • Postural hypotension
  • Sudden change of position causing venous pooling in dependent veins
  • Standing for long periods in warm area
  • Anemia
A

FAINTNESS

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

60
Q

FAINTNESS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • ____
  • Sudden change of position causing ____ in dependent veins
  • Standing for long periods in ____ area
  • ____
A
  • Postural hypotension
  • Sudden change of position causing venous pooling in dependent veins
  • Standing for long periods in warm area
  • Anemia
61
Q

FAINTNESS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Avoid prolonged standing in ____ environment
  • Evaluate ____
  • Lie on your ____ side to rest.
  • Avoid sudden movements.
  • Eat regular, small meals
  • Drink plenty of water.
A
  • Avoid prolonged standing in warm or stuffy environment
  • Evaluate hematocrit & hemoglobin
  • Lie on your left side to rest.
  • Avoid sudden movements.
  • Eat regular, small meals
  • Drink plenty of water.
62
Q
  • Decreased GI motility leading to delayed emptying time.
  • Pressure of growing uterus on large intestine
  • Air swallowing
A

FLATULENCE

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

63
Q

FLATULENCE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Decreased ____ leading to delayed emptying time.
  • Pressure of growing uterus on ____
  • ____ swallowing
A
  • Decreased GI motility leading to delayed emptying time.
  • Pressure of growing uterus on large intestine
  • Air swallowing
64
Q

FLATULENCE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Avoid gas-forming foods.
  • Chew food ____.
  • Get regular daily ____.
  • Maintain normal bowel habits
A
  • Avoid gas-forming foods.
  • Chew food thoroughly.
  • Get regular daily exercise.
  • Maintain normal bowel habits
65
Q
  • The enlarged uterus
  • An active fetus may influence urinary frequency shortness of breath, and leg cramps
A

DIFFICULTY SLEEPING

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

66
Q

DIFFICULTY SLEEPING - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • The enlarged uterus
  • An ____ may influence urinary frequency shortness of breath, and leg cramps
A
  • The enlarged uterus
  • An active fetus may influence urinary frequency shortness of breath, and leg cramps
67
Q

DIFFICULTY SLEEPING - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Don’t take ____.
  • Try drinking ____ at bedtime.
  • Try taking a ____ or bath before bedtime
  • Use extra pillows for support while sleeping
A
  • Don’t take sleepmedication.
  • Try drinking warm milk at bedtime.
  • Try taking a warm shower or bath before bedtime
  • Use extra pillows for support while sleeping
68
Q
  • Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel of wrist aggravated by repetitive hand movements
A

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

69
Q

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Compression of ____ in carpal tunnel of wrist aggravated by repetitive hand movements
A
  • Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel of wrist aggravated by repetitive hand movements
70
Q

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Avoid ____ hand movements.
  • Use splint as prescribed
A
  • Avoid aggravating hand movements.
  • Use splint as prescribed
71
Q
  • Expanding blood volume which puts pressure on cerebral arteries
  • Eye strain or tension
A

HEADACHE

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

72
Q

HEADACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Expanding blood volume which puts pressure on ____
  • Eye strain or tension
A
  • Expanding blood volume which puts pressure on cerebral arteries
  • Eye strain or tension
73
Q

HEADACHE - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Put an ice pack on ____ or the ____.
  • Rest, sit, or lie quietly in a ____ room
A
  • Put an ice pack on forehead or the back of the neck.
  • Rest, sit, or lie quietly in a low-lit room
74
Q
  • Collagen and elastin stretch and snap during pregnancydue to the pressure of rapid weight gain
A

PREGNANCY STRETCH MARKS

SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

75
Q

PREGNANCY STRETCH MARKS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • ____ and ____ stretch and snap during pregnancydue to the pressure of rapid weight gain
A
  • Collagen and elastin stretch and snap during pregnancydue to the pressure of rapid weight gain
76
Q

PREGNANCY STRETCH MARKS - SECOND & THIRD TRIMESTER

  • Be sure that diet contains ____needed for healthy skin
  • Apply ____ to the skin to keep it soft and reduce dryness.
  • ____.
A
  • Be sure that diet contains enough sources of the nutrientsneeded for healthy skin
  • Apply lotion to the skin to keep it soft and reduce dryness.
  • Exercise daily.

NR-NUR121 | Mother and Child Nursing (MCN) (15 decks)

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