22. Cardiomyopathy & Myocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

Acute myocarditis is most commonly seen in _____ of children and young adults.

A

viral infections

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2
Q

Acute myocarditis is most commonly seen in viral infections of _____.

A

children and young adults

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3
Q

About 50% of acute myocarditis pts report having a viral URI about ____ prior.

A

2 weeks

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4
Q

What are the common presentations of acute myocarditis?

A
  1. fever
  2. chest pain w/ ECG changes
  3. arrhythmia
  4. HF
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5
Q

What is cardiac remodling?

A

change in the shape and function of a ventricle

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6
Q

Describe dilated cardiomyopathy.

A

enlarged ventricle that is more massive and has a more rounded shape; always involves the LV but usually is all 4 chambers

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7
Q

Describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A

a genetically inherited form; LV is hypertrophied but not dilated; usually disproportionate hypertrophy of the septum

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8
Q

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

infiltration or fibrosis of the ventricles, usually without dilatation

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9
Q

How does dilated cardiomyopathy present?

A

HF with a large silent heart with impaired systolic function

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10
Q

What causes dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
it's usually idiopathic but can be caused by:
ischemia
viruses
genetics
chemotherapy
ethanol
cocaine
hemochromatosis
muscular dystrophy
peripartum cardiomyopathy
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11
Q

When does peripartum cardiomyopathy present?

A

in the last trimester of pregnancy up until 5 months post-partum

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12
Q

Echocardiograms often demonstrate _____ and are very useful in confirming that a myocardial process is present.

A

global or diffuse ventricular dysfunction

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13
Q

For dilated cardiomyopathy, clinically a distinction is often made between “____,” due to coronary artery disease and “_____” dilated cardiomyopathy.

A

ischemic; nonischemic

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14
Q

What virus is the most common cause of viral myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie B virus

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15
Q

Myocarditis is often an ____ condition.

A

autoimmune

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16
Q

What is heard on the pulmonary exam in myocarditis?

A

rales near the apex

17
Q

What is heard on the cardiac exam in myocarditis?

A

S3

18
Q

Name 2 common complications of dilated cardiomyopathy.

A
  1. arrhythmia

2. thomboembolism

19
Q

How does dilated cardiomyopathy present?

A

like normal HF- due to poor contraction

20
Q

Name some important causes of dilated cardiomyopathy.

A
  1. ischemic
  2. viral
  3. familial
  4. chemotherapy
  5. ETOH
  6. cocaine
  7. hemochromatosis
  8. muscular dystrophy
  9. peripartum