11, 12. EC Coupling and Ca++ Handling Flashcards
What is this series of events?:
• Ca2+ enters via DHPR (“L-type Ca2+ channel”) and activates RyR2 to cause large flux of Ca2+ from SR into myoplasm.
• Ca2+ activates contraction by binding to troponin on thin filaments.
• Ca2+ is removed from the myoplasm by:
(i) SERCA2 pump located in longitudinal SR (2 Ca2+ per cycle); Ca2+ diffuses within SR to terminal cisternae, where it binds to calsequestrin (low affinity, high capacity)
(ii) NCX Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in junctional domains of plasma membrane and t-tubules.
excitation, contraction, and relaxation of Cardiac muscle
The sequence of events during excitation, contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle cells is:
- • Ca2+ enters via _____ and activates RyR2 to cause large flux of Ca2+ from SR into myoplasm.
- • Ca2+ activates contraction by binding to ____ on thin filaments.
- • Ca2+ is removed from the myoplasm by:
(i) _____ located in longitudinal SR (2 Ca2+ per cycle); Ca2+ diffuses within SR to terminal cisternae, where it binds to calsequestrin (low affinity, high capacity)
(ii) NCX Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in junctional domains of plasma membrane and _____
- DHPR (“L-type Ca2+ channel”)
- troponin
i. SERCA2 pump
ii. t-tubules
The sequence of events during excitation, contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle cells is:
- • Ca2+ enters via DHPR (“L-type Ca2+ channel”) and activates _____ to cause large flux of Ca2+ from SR into myoplasm.
- • Ca2+ activates contraction by binding to troponin on ______.
- • Ca2+ is removed from the myoplasm by:
(i) SERCA2 pump located in _____ (2 Ca2+ per cycle); Ca2+ diffuses within SR to terminal cisternae, where it binds to calsequestrin (low affinity, high capacity)
(ii) _____ in junctional domains of plasma membrane and t-tubules.
- RyR2
- thin filaments
i. longitudinal SR
ii. NCX Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
The sequence of events during excitation, contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle cells is:
- • Ca2+ enters via DHPR (“L-type Ca2+ channel”) and activates RyR2 to cause large flux of Ca2+ from ____ into _____.
- • ___ activates contraction by binding to troponin on thin filaments.
- • Ca2+ is removed from the myoplasm by:
(i) SERCA2 pump located in longitudinal SR (2 Ca2+ per cycle); Ca2+ diffuses within SR to terminal cisternae, where it binds to _____ (low affinity, high capacity)
(ii) NCX Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in _____ of plasma membrane and t-tubules.
- SR into myoplasm
- Ca2+
i. calsequestrin
ii. junctional domains
What is a junctional domain?
junction btw the terminal cisternae of the SR and the plasma membrane
What is the junction btw the terminal cisternae of the SR and the plasma membrane called?
a junctional domain
What is a t-tubule?
plasma membrane invaginations
What plays the more important role: SERCA or NCX?
SERCA bc the SR surrounds each myofibril and this will req less energy
What is heart failure?
insufficient cardiac output, typically due to lack of contractile force
What is insufficient cardiac output, typically due to lack of contractile force called?
heart failure
How do cardiac glycosides work? Give an example of one.
inhibit Na/K ATPase and thus reduce extrusion of Ca++ via NCX; digitalis
Where is norepinephrine released from?
sympathetic nerve terminals
Epi and norepi act to:
- Increase Heart Rate (positive chronotropy) by _____
- Increase Contractile Force (positive inotropy)
- Increase Rate of Relaxation (positive lusitropy)
raising the firing rate of pacemaker cells in the SA node
Epi and norepi act to:
1. Increase Heart Rate (positive chronotropy) by raising
the firing rate of pacemaker cells in the SA node.
2. _____
3. Increase Rate of Relaxation (positive lusitropy)
Increase Contractile Force (positive inotropy)
Epi and norepi act to:
1. Increase Heart Rate (positive chronotropy) by raising
the firing rate of pacemaker cells in the SA node.
2. Increase Contractile Force (positive inotropy)
3. _____
Increase Rate of Relaxation (positive lusitropy)