2. Hemodynamics Flashcards by Lindsey Herrera

Cardiac output from left and right sides of heart are ____, but resistance and pressure are different.

equal

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What is laminar flow?

smooth, streamlined, efficient- velocity slowest at edge and fastest in the center

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Turbulent flow produces shearing forces that can damage vascular endothelium, promoting the formation of ______.

thrombi and embolisms

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What is pulse pressure?

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

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What is hydrostatic pressure?

blood pressure

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What is the flow equation?

Q = ?P/R

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More compliance in aorta = _____ .

lower pulse pressure

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How do small, lipid-insoluble molecules diffuse?

through inter-endothelial junctions

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What is flow equal to?

it’s constant through the system

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What is pulsatile flow?

intermittent pumping that causes flow that is not constant

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What determines compliance?

relative proportion of elastin fibers versus smooth muscle and collagen in vessel walls

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Viscocity mostly depends on ______.

hematocrit

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For O2, the rate of diffusion from capillary to tissue depends on ______ and on ______.

the distance btw the capillary and the tissue; on the amount of O2 carried in blood

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Explain v = Q/A

velocity depends inversely on cross-sectional area (A)

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Where is total XC area smallest? What does this result in?

in the aorta; fastest flow

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______ decrease total vascular resistance.

Parallel vessels

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What is Fick?s Principle?

the amount used is equal to the amount that enters the tissue minus the amount that leaves

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Total resistance in a series of vessels is ____ than the resistance of any individual vessel.

higher

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LaPlace’s Law is ____.

the relationship between tension in a vessel wall and the transmural pressure

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What are the major determinants of oncotic pressure in the blood?

? Globulin and albumin

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As viscocity increases, _____ increases and _____ decreases.

resistance; flow

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Where does blood pressure fall after the aorta?

in the arterioles

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Describe x = Q[x].

x is the amount of substance x, Q is the flow, and [x] is the concentration of x

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Total resistance of a network of parallel vessels is _____ than the resistance of single lowest resistance vessel in the system.

lower

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What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

~ diastolic pressure + 1/3(systolic ? diastolic)

\_\_\_\_\_ from the left and right sides of heart are equal, but resistance and pressure are different.

Cardiac output

Where is there no pulse variation?

in capillary beds

What does compliance represent?

the elastic properties of vessels or chambers of the heart

What is turbulent flow?

irregular, with eddies and vortices, requires more pressure

Flow is directly proportional to _____ and is inversely proportional to \_\_\_\_\_\_.

pressure; resistance

Where is total XC area greatest? What does this result in?

in the capillary beds and pulmonary circulation; slowest flow for areas of exchange

What is bulk transport?

the movement of substances through the CV system

What is velocity (v)?

distance per unit time (cm/sec)

Capillary oncotic pressure promotes \_\_\_\_\_\_.

REABSORPTION

Explain Flux = k[(Pc-Pi) - (πc-πi)] \*\* \*Starling equation for transcapillary transport

Flux = net movement across capillary wall k = constant Pc = capillary hydrostatic pressure Pi = interstitial hydrostatic pressure πc = capillary oncotic pressure πi = interstitial oncotic pressure

Why is resistance of a capillary bed so low when the pressure is so high?

there are many parallel vessels

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is only valid for single vessels.

Poiseuille?s Law

Two opposing forces determine solvent movement: ____ and \_\_\_\_.

hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure

What is Arteriosclerosis?

loss of compliance caused by thickening and hardening of arteries

What is cardiac output (CO)?

total flow in the CV system

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of a vessel (across the wall).

Transmural pressure

Flow is ______ to pressure and is _______ to resistance.

directly ; inversely proportional

Flow varies with _____ power.

4th

As the length of the vessel increases, _____ increases and _____ decreases.

resistance; flow

What is oncotic pressure?

the osmotic force created by proteins in the blood and interstitial fluid

What is the first step in the development of atherosclerotic plaque?

damage to vascular endothelium

Explain Q = ΔP/R

Q = flow (volume/time), ΔP = pressure difference, R = resistance

Where is the highest blood pressure?

in the aorta

What is the total blood volume?

Factors that increase blood pressure (ie \_\_\_\_\_\_) or reduce oncotic pressure (ie \_\_\_\_\_) tend to promote filtration.

hypertension; liver disease

Hydrostatic pressure promotes \_\_\_\_\_.

FILTRATION

What is transmural pressure?

the difference in pressure btw the inside and the outside of a vessel (across a wall)

Movement of blood is driven by _____ throughout the CV system.

differences in pressure

What factors increase turbulent flow?

large diameter, high velocity, low viscosity, abrupt changes in diameter, irregularities on tube walls

What is flow (Q)?

volume per unit time (mL/min)

Resistance in series is equal to?

adding the individual resistances

What drives blood flow through an organ?

the difference btw arterial and venous pressure

\_\_\_\_\_\_ describes the relationship between tension in a vessel wall and the transmural pressure.

LaPlace?s Law

What does CO = ?

(mean arterial pressure - venous pressure)/ total peripheral resistance (TPR)

Tension in the vessel wall ______ as pressure and radius increase.

increases

Pulse pressure, mean pressure and velocity all _____ from aorta to capillaries.

decrease

\_\_\_\_\_ are more compliant than \_\_\_\_.

Veins; arteries

MAP depends on?

\_\_\_\_\_ produces shearing forces that can damage vascular endothelium, promoting the formation of thrombi and embolisms.

Turbulent flow

Tension in the vessel wall increases as ______ increase.

pressure and radius

Cardiac output from left and right sides of heart are equal, but _____ and ______ are different.

resistance; pressure

Turbulent flow produces shearing forces that can \_\_\_\_\_\_, promoting the formation of thrombi and embolisms.

damage vascular endothelium

What is hematocrit? Normal for men? Women?

proportion of RBCs; 42-54% men; 38-46% women

What is compliance ( C )?

equals change in volume (?V, in ml) that results from a change in pressure (?P, in mmHg)

Radius of vessel has huge effect on flow, so doubling the radius increases flow by \_\_\_\_\_.

16-fold (24)

In the CV system, _____ is the major mechanism by which flow is controlled.

vessel diameter

Resistance in parallel is equal to?

the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances